Chapter VI BIOSPHERE Flashcards
The Planet Earth along with its living organisms
and atmosphere (air, land, and water), which
sustains life, is known as
Biosphere
The biosphere extends vertically into the
atmosphere to about 10Km, downward into the
ocean to depth of about 35,000ft, and into about
23,000ft. of the earth surface itself where living
organisms have been found.
True
are any such issues created due to human activities and cause harm to the environment
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
What are the ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
- SOIL POLLUTION. 7. GLOBAL WARMING
- WATER POLLUTION. 8. CLIMATE CHANGE
- AIR POLLUTION. 9. OZONE LAYER
- NOISE POLLUTION. 10. ACID RAIN
- DEFORESTATION
- OVERPOPULATION
____ is one of the most important and most
precious of natural resources, and a regular
and plentiful supply of clean water is essential
for the survival and health of most living
organisms.
Water
is the accumulation of nutrients in water, which causes excessive algal growth. This leads to a reduction in oxygen levels and the death of aquatic life.
Eutrophication
is a serious problem caused by water pollution.
Eutrophication
What are the substances that cause eutrophication?
Nutrients, phosphates ,nitrates
Sources of pollution can be categorized into
two:
point source pollution and non-point
source pollution.
The most serious water pollutants in terms of human health are ______
pathogenic organisms.
What are the most important waterborne diseases?
typhoid fever
cholera
bacterial
amoebic dysentery
polio
hepatitis
schistosomiasis.
The amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water is a good indicator of water quality and the kinds of life it will support. Oxygen is added to water by diffusion from the air, especially when turbulence and mixing rates are high, and by photosynthesis of green plants and algae.
OXYGEN DEMANDING WASTES
___ is added to water by diffusion from the air, especially when turbulence and mixing rates are high, and by photosynthesis of green plants and algae.
Oxygen
Oxygen is removed from water by ______ and chemical processes that consume oxygen.
Respiration
Aquatic plants require certain nutrients for health growth and metabolism.
True
An excess of these essential elements (from such sources as sewage treatment plants, runoff from animal feedlots or fertilized agricultural lands), however, can result in a plant population explosion which leads to serious degradation of water quality and radical changes in the species composition of the over-fed lake, pond or stream.
True
______ introduced into water as a result of human activities have become the most serious forms of water pollution.
Toxic, inorganic chemicals
Thousands of different natural synthetic ______ are used in the chemical industry to make pesticides, plastics, pigments and other products.
Many of these chemicals are highly toxic.
organic chemicals
• Change in species composition;
• Fish may migrate or be killed by suffocation (because warm water holds less oxygen than cold water);
• The BOD of the water rises;
• Increase the susceptibility of
THERMAL POLLUTION
_____ occurs through enrichment
(contamination) of the atmosphere or air
with noxious gases and other undesirable
substances; caused largely as a result of
burning fuels and through release of
gases by various i n d u s t r i e s a n d
automobiles.
AIR POLLUTION
air contains natural contaminants such as:
pollen
fungi spores
smoke
dust particles from forest fires
volcanic eruptions.
Air contains naturally occurring:
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Hydrogen sulphide
Methane
What are the Major Air Pollutants ?
Suspended Particulate
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Ozone (O3)
Hydrocarbons
Lead
These are the effects of Suspended Particulate major air pollutants
• Damage to buildings paints
• Dirt into clothing
• Obscure visibility
• Corrode metals
• When inhaled, suspended particulate irritates the respiratory tract.
