chapter two: workforce safety & wellness

Question 1

acute stress reactions

Answer 1

reactions to stress that occur during a stressful situation

Question 2

airborne transmission

Answer 2

the spread of an organism via droplets or dust

Question 3

bloodborne pathogens

Answer 3

pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans, these pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 4

centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)

Answer 4

the primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the United States, the CDC is part of the US department of health and human services

Question 5

communicable disease

Answer 5

a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another

Question 6

concealment

Answer 6

the use of objects to limit a person’s visibility of you

Question 7

contamination

Answer 7

the presence of infections organisms on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds, or a patient’s body

Question 8

cover

Answer 8

the tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection

Question 9

critical incident stress management (CISM)

Answer 9

a process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, directing the emergency services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium

Question 10

cumulative stress reactions

Answer 10

prolonged or excessive stress

Question 11

delayed stress reactions

Answer 11

reactions to stress that occur after a stressful situation

Question 12

designated officer

Answer 12

the individual in the department who is charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues

Question 13

direct contact

Answer 13

exposure or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact

Question 14

exposure

Answer 14

a situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur

Question 15

foodborne transmission

Answer 15

the contamination of food or water with an organism that can cause disease

Question 16

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 16

the body’s response to stress that begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance, and then recovery or, if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion

Question 17

hepatitis

Answer 17

inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function

Question 18

host

Answer 18

the organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent

Question 19

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 19

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV, which damages the cells in the body’s immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers

Question 20

immune

Answer 20

the body’s ability to protect itself from acquiring a disease

Question 21

indirect contact

Answer 21

exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object

Question 22

infection

Answer 22

the abnormal invasion of a host or host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, with or without signs or symptoms of disease

Question 23

infection control

Answer 23

procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel

Question 24

infectious disease

Answer 24

a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small harmful organisms within the body

Question 25

occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)

Answer 25

the federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace

Question 26

pathogen

Answer 26

a microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host

Question 27

personal protective equipment (PPE)

Answer 27

protective equipment that blocks exposure to a pathogen or a hazardous material

Question 28

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 28

a delayed stress reaction to a prior incident, often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident, and may relate to an incident that involved physical harm or the threat of physical harm

Question 29

transmission

Answer 29

the way in which an infectious disease is spread: contact, airborne, by vehicles, or by vectors

Question 30

standard precautions

Answer 30

protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the CDC for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease

Question 31

vector-borne transmission

Answer 31

the use of an animal to spread an organism from one person or place to another