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EMT > chapter three: medical, legal, and ethical issues > Flashcards

chapter three: medical, legal, and ethical issues Flashcards

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1
Q

abandonment

A

unilateral termination of care by the EMT without the patient’s consent and without making provisions for transferring care to another medical professional with the skills and training necessary to meet the needs of the patient

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2
Q

advance directive

A

written documentation that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient should the patient become unable to make decisions; also called a living will or healthcare directive

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3
Q

applied ethics

A

the manner in which principles of ethics are incorporated into professional conduct

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4
Q

assault

A

unlawfully placing a patient in fear of bodily harm

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5
Q

battery

A

unlawfully touching a patient or providing emergency care without consent

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6
Q

bioethics

A

the study of ethics related to issues that arise in healthcare

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7
Q

breach of confidentiality

A

disclosure of information without proper authorization

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8
Q

certification

A

a process in which a person, an institution, or a program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical patient care

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9
Q

compensatory damages

A

damages awarded in a civil lawsuit that are intended to restore the plaintiff to the same condition that he or she was in prior to the incident

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10
Q

competent

A

able to make rational decisions about personal well-being

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11
Q

consent

A

permission to render care

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12
Q

contributory negligence

A

a legal defense that may be raised when the defendant feels that the conduct of the plaintiff somehow contributed to any injuries or damages that were sustained by the plaintiff

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13
Q

credentialing

A

an established process to determine the qualifications necessary to be allowed to practice a particular profession or to function as an organization

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14
Q

decision-making capacity

A

ability to understand and process information and make a choice regarding appropriate medical care

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15
Q

defamation

A

the communication of false information about a person that is damaging to that person’s reputation or standing in the community

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16
Q

dependent lividity

A

blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin; a definitive sign of death

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17
Q

depositions

A

oral questions asked or parties and witnesses under oath

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18
Q

discovery

A

the phase of a civil lawsuit where the plaintiff and defense obtain information from each other that will enable the attorneys to have a better understanding of the case and which will assist in negotiating a possible settlement or in preparing for trial, discovery includes depositions, interrogatories, and demands for production of records

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19
Q

do not resuscitate (DNR) orders

A

written documentation by a physician giving permission to medical personnel not to attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest

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20
Q

durable power of attorney for health care

A

a type of advance directive executed by a competent adult that appoints another individual to make the medical treatment decisions on his or her behalf, in the event that the person making the appointment loses decision-making capacity

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21
Q

duty to act

A

a medicolegal term relating to certain personnel who either by statute or by function have a responsibility to provide

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22
Q

emancipated minors

A

a person who is under the legal age in a given state but, because of other circumstances, is legally considered an adult

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23
Q

emergency

A

a serious situation, such as injury or illness that threatens the life or welfare of a person or group of people and requires immediate intervention

24
Q

emergency doctrine

A

the principle of law that permits a health care provider to treat a patient in an emergency situation when the patient is incapable of granting consent because of an altered level of consciousness, disability, and the effects of drugs or alcohol, or patient’s age

25
Q

emergency medical care

A

immediate care or treatment

26
Q

ethics

A

the philosophy of right and wrong, of moral duties, and of ideal professional behavior

27
Q

expressed consent

A

a type of consent in which a patient gives verbal or nonverbal authorization for provision of care or transport

28
Q

false imprisonment

A

the confinement of a person without legal authority or the person’s consent

29
Q

forcible restraint

A

the act of physically preventing an individual from initiating any physical action

30
Q

good samaritan laws

A

statutory provisions enacted by many states to protect citizens from liability for errors and omissions in giving good faith emergency medical care, unless there is wanton, gross, or willful negligence

31
Q

governmental immunity

A

legal doctrine that can protect an EMS provider from being sued or which may limit the amount of the monetary judgment that the plaintiff may recover; generally applies only to EMS systems that are operated by municipalities or other governmental entities

32
Q

gross negligence

A

conduct that constitutes a willful or reckless disregard for a duty or standard of care

33
Q

health care directive

A

a written document that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient, should he or she become unable to make decisions, also known as an advance directive or living will

34
Q

health care proxies

A

a type of advance directive executed by a competent adult that appoints another individual to make medical treatment decisions on his or her behalf in the event that the person making the appointment loses decision-making capacity, also known as a durable power of attorney for health care

35
Q

implied consent

A

type of consent in which a patient who is unable to give consent is given treatment under the legal assumption that he or she would want treatment

36
Q

informed consent

A

permission for treatment given by a competent patient after the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment have been explained

37
Q

in loco parentis

A

refers to the legal responsibility of a person or organization to take on some of the functions and responsibilities of a parent

38
Q

interrogatories

A

written questions that the defense and plaintiff send to one another

39
Q

kidnapping

A

the seizing, confining, abducting, or carrying away of a person by force, including transporting a competent adult for medical treatment without his or her consent

40
Q

libel

A

false and damaging information about a person that is communicated in writing

41
Q

licensure

A

the process whereby a competent authority, usually the state, allows people to perform a regulated act

42
Q

medicolegal

A

a term relating to medical jurisprudence (law) or forensic medicine

43
Q

morality

A

a code of conduct that can be defined by society, religion, or a person, affecting character, conduct, and conscience

44
Q

negligence

A

failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide

45
Q

negligence per se

A

a theory that may be used when the conduct of the person being sued is alleged to have occurred in clear violation of a statute

46
Q

patient autonomy

A

the right of a patient to make informed choices regarding his or her health care

47
Q

protected health information (PHI)

A

any information about health status, provision of health care, or payment for health care that can be linked to an individual, this is interpreted rather broadly and includes any part of a patient’s medical record or payment history

48
Q

proximate causation

A

when a person who has a duty abuses it, and causes harm to another individual, the EMT, the agency, and/or the medical director may be sued for negligence

49
Q

punitive damages

A

damages that are sometimes awarded in a civil lawsuit when the conduct of the defendant was intentional or constituted a reckless disregard for the safety of the public

50
Q

putrefaction

A

decomposition of body tissues; a definitive sign of death

51
Q

res ipsa loquitor

A

when the EMT or an EMS system is held liable even when the plaintiff is unable to clearly demonstrate how an injury occurred

52
Q

rigor mortis

A

stiffening of the body muscles; a definitive sign of death

53
Q

scope of practice

A

most commonly defined by state law; outlines the care that the EMT is able to provide for the patient

54
Q

slander

A

false and damaging information about a person that is communicated by the spoken word

55
Q

standard of care

A

written, accepted levels of emergency care expected by reason of training and profession; written by legal or professional organizations so that patients are not exposed to unreasonable risk or harm

56
Q

statute of limitations

A

the time within which a case must be commenced

57
Q

tort

A

a wrongful act that gives rise to a civil lawsuit

EMT (8 decks)

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