Chapter Two Terms - Adolescence Flashcards
Puberty
A change in physiology, anatomy, and physical functions in people
Endocrine System
Network of glands that through hormones affect the development and function of the body
Hormones
Chemicals released by the glands of the endocrine system that also includes the development of puberty
Hypothalamus
The master grand tha stimulates and regulates the production of hormones and is tied to the initation of puberty
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Hormone released by the hypothalamus that causes gonadotropins to be released by the pituitary
Leptin
A protein producted by fat cells hat signals the master gland to intiate hormonal changes of puberty
Pituitary Gland
Releases gonadotropins as part of the body getting ready for reproduction
Gonadotropins
Hormones that stimulate the development of gametes
Follicle stimulating hormone
Stimulates the development of gametes and sex hormones in the ovaries and testicles with LH
Lutienzing Hormone
Stimulates the development of gametes and sex hormones in the ovaries and testicles with FSH
Gametes
Cells that are involved in reproduction such as egg cells in female and sperm in male
Gonads
The ovaries and testicle also known as the sex glands
Sex Hormones
Asdrogens and estrogens that cause the development of 1st and 2nd sex characteristics
Estrogens
The sex hormone responsible for female 1st and 2nd sex characteristics
Androgens
The sex hormones responsible for male 1st and 2nd sex characteristics
Estradiol
Most important estrogen in pubertal development among girls
Testosterone
The androgen most important in pubertal development among boys
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Hormone that causes the adrenal glands to increase androgen production
Feedback loop
System that involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads, which monitors and adjusts the level of sex hormones
Set Point
When optimal level of sex hormones is reached and then the feedback loop causes the production of sex hormones to be reduce
Adolescent Growth Spurt
Growing spurts in height that increases with puberty
Peak Height Velocity
Point at adolescent growth spourt where they reach the limit
Asynchronicity
Uneven growth of different parts of the body during puberty
Extremities
When the feet, hands, and head first begin grow followed by the arm and legs
Maximum oxygen uptake
The ability of the body to take in oxygen and transport it to different organs and this usually pearks in the early 20s
Cardiac output
Measure of how much blood is pumped by the heart
Primary Sex Characteristics
Production of Eggs and Sperm and the development of sex organs
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Changes in the body not related to reproduction
Ovum
Mature eggs in the ovaries every 28 days
Spermarche
Beginning of sperm production in boys during puberty
Secular Trend
A change in the characteristics of a population over time
Reaction Range
That genes develop differently in a wide range according to the environment
Premenstrual Syndrome
Combination of behavioral, emotional, and physical symptoms that occur in some females the week before menstruation
Semenarche
Male first ejaculation
Theory of Genotype
Theory that states both genetics and environment plays a role in our development
Passive Genotype
When parents provide both the environment and genetics for a child
Evocative Genotype
Person evoke response from others in the environment
Active Genotype
When people seek out environments that corresponds to their genotypic characteristics
