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Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood > Chapter Three Terms - Adolescence > Flashcards

Chapter Three Terms - Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive Development

A

Change over time in how people think, solve problems, and their capacities for memory andattention change

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2
Q

Stage

A

A period in which abilities are organized in a coherent, interrelated way

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3
Q

Mental Structure

A

The organization of cognitive abilities into a single patterm

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4
Q

Cognitive Development Approach

A

Cognition changes that take place at different ages

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5
Q

Maturation

A

Growing up/Growing older

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6
Q

Schemes

A

A mental structure for organizing and interpreting information

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7
Q

Assimilation

A

The cognitive process that occurs when new information is altered to fit an existing scheme

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8
Q

Accommodation

A

The cognitive process that occurs when a scheme is changed to adapt to new information

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9
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

First 2 years of life that involves learning how to coordinate the activites of the senses with motor activities

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10
Q

Preopreational Stage

A

From age 2 to 7 child becomes capable of representing the world symbolically through the use of language

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11
Q

Concrete Operation

A

From age 7 to 11 child learns to use mental operation, but are not able to do hypothetical situations

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12
Q

Mental Operations

A

Cognitive activity involving manipulating and reasoning about objects.

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13
Q

Formal Operation

A

From age 11 and up when children learn to think systematically about possibilities and hypotheses

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14
Q

Pendulum Problem

A

Piaget’s classes test of formal operation

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15
Q

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

A

When Formal Operations children are able to solve a problem and explain how they got there

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16
Q

Abstract Thinking

A

Thinking in terms of symbols, ideas, and concepts

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17
Q

Complex Thinking

A

Thinking that takes into account multiple connections and interpretations such as methaphor, satire, and sarcasm

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18
Q

Metacognition

A

The ability to think about thinking

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19
Q

Postformal Thinking

A

Type of thinking beyond formal operation that uses pragmatism and reflective judgement in real life

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20
Q

Pragmatism

A

Thinking that involves seeing a problem with multiple solutions and not just one logical one

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21
Q

Dialectical Thought

A

Involves an awareness that most problem do not have a single solution and that problems must often be addressed with pieces of information missing

22
Q

Reflective Judgement

A

Capacity to evaluate the accuracy and logical coherence of evidence and arguments

23
Q

Dualistic Thinking

A

Cognitive tendency to see situations and issues in polarized, absolute, black and white terms

24
Q

Multiple Thinking

A

Recognition that there is more than one view and it is difficult to justify which is true or accurate

25
Q

Relativism

A

Ability to know that competing points have reasons and you can compare both of the views

26
Q

Commitment

A

Person commit themselves to a certain point of view they believe, but are still open to rethinking the certain point

27
Q

Information-Processing Approach

A

Approach to understading the steps involved in the thinking process and how each step is connected

28
Q

Discontinous

A

Development takes places in stage that are separate from one another

29
Q

Continuous

A

Development takes place as a gradual, steady process

30
Q

Componential Approach

A

Involves breaking down the thinking process into various components

31
Q

Reductionism

A

Breaking up a phenomenon into separate parts to such an extant that the meaning and coherence of the phenomenon as a whole becomes lost

32
Q

Organizational Core

A

Cognitive development affects all areas of thinking, no matter the topic

33
Q

Social Cognition

A

How people think about other people, social relationships, and social institutions

34
Q

Perspective Taking

A

The ability to understand the thoughts and feelings of other

35
Q

Social and Conventional system perspective taking

A

realizing that social perspectives of self and others are influenced not just by interaction with each other but their roles in the larger society

36
Q

prosocial

A

promoting the well-being of others

37
Q

Theory of Mind

A

The ability to attribute mental states to one’s self and others, including beliefs, thoughts, and feelings

38
Q

Personal Fable

A

Believing that they are unique and include a sense of invulnerability that leads to taking risks

39
Q

Optimistic Bias

A

Tendency to assume that what happens to others would not happen to you

40
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

Mental abilities that involve peed of analyzing, processing, and reacting to information (Think SAT)

41
Q

Crystallized Intelligence

A

Accumalated knowledge and enhanced judgement based on experience

42
Q

Transracial Adoption

A

The adoption of children of one race by parents of a different race

43
Q

Synapse

A

Point of transmission between two nerve cells

44
Q

Neurons

A

Cells of the nervous system, including the brain

45
Q

Overproduction

A

A rapid increase in the production of synaptic connections in the brain

46
Q

Gray Matter

A

Where most of the growth in brain cells occurs during overproduction in adolescence

47
Q

Frontal Lobes

A

Involves in planning ahead and analyzing complex problems

48
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

After overproduction occurs, numbers of snypases reduces making the brain faster and more efficient, but less flexible

49
Q

Myelination

A

Serves the function of keeping the brain’s electrical signals on one path and increasing their speed

50
Q

Cerebellum

A

Involved in basic functions such as movement and also higher functions as math, music, decision making and social skills

Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood (11 decks)

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