Chapter Two: Introduction to Musculoskeletal Anatomy Flashcards
Movement of muscle
When a muscle contracts, insertion is pulled toward origin
Fibrous joints
-have little movement
-sutures of the skull
Cartilaginous joints
-hyaline (primary): where bar of hyaline cartilage meets a bone
-fibrocartilage: where fibrocartilage meets a bone (intervertebral discs)
Synovial Joints
-regular joint
-lubricated and protected
Components of synovial joints
-articular surface of bones (has to be smooth)
-articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage that covers articular surface)
-synovial membrane and fluid (creates joint space) “inner bag”
-fibrous capsule (provides stability, made of dense connective tissue) “outer bag”
-ligaments (to restrict movement around the joint
-discs (made of fibrocartilage, to absorb shock, allow for complex movements etc)
Different types of synovial joints
-uniaxial
-biaxial
-multiaxial
Uniaxial synovial joint
ONLY MOVE IN 1 DIRECTION
-hinge: elbows, knees
-pivot: radioulnar joint
Biaxial synovial joint
CAN MOVE IN 2 DIRECTIONS
-fingers and wrists
Multiaxial synovial joint
CAN MOVE IN ALL DIRECTIONS
-ball and socket: hip and shoulder
-saddle: thumb
-planar: apophyseal
Axial skeleton parts
-skull and mandible
-vertebral column
-thoracic cage
Vertebral column
-cervical (7)
-thoracic (12)
-lumbar (5)
-fused sacral (15)
-coccygeal (1/2)
Thoracic cage
-ribs (12)
-sternum
Appendicular Skeleton
-upper limbs
-lower limbs
The upper limbs
-girdle (scapula and clavicle)
-humerus
-radius and ulna
-wrist and hand
The lower limb
-girdle (hipbone)
-femur
-tibia and fibula
-ankle and foot
