Chapter Two: Internal Environment Of Large-Scale Organisations SAC 2a Flashcards
Management Hierarchy
The arrangement that provides increasing authority at higher levels of the hierarchy.
Management Structure
The ways in which the management, employees and resources of an organisations are formally arranged to achieve objectives.
Chain of command (or line authority)
A system that determines responsibility, supervision, and accountability of members of the organisation.
Unity of command
The principle of each employee within an organisation reporting to only one supervisor.
Span of control
The number of people for whom a manager is directly responsible.
Bureaucratic structure
An administrative or social system that relies on a set of rules and procedures, separation of functions and a hierarchical structure in implementing controls over an organization, government or social system.
Flat organisational structure
A flat organisation (also known as horizontal organisation or delayering) is an organisation that has an organisational structure with few or no levels of middle management between staff and executives.
Functional structure
Grouping employees together according to the tasks or jobs they will perform.
Divisional structure
Grouping employees together according to divisions that may be geographical, or customer, product or process focused.
Matrix structure
Bringing together specialists from different parts of the organisation to solve specific problems or to undertake specific projects in teams.
Centralised control
A
Decentralised control
A
Corporate culture
The values, ideas, expectations and beliefs shared by members of the organisation.
Ritual
A
Planning
The process of setting objectives and deciding on the methods to achieve them.
Strategic planning
Long-term planning, usually over two to five years.
Tactical planning
Flexible, adaptable, medium-term planning, usually over one to two years, which assists in implementing the strategic plan.
Operational planning
Providing specific details about the way in which the organisation will operate in the short term.
SWOT Analysis
Identifying and analysing the internal strengths and weaknesses of the organisation, and the opportunities in, and threats from, the external environment.
Organising
The process of arranging resources and tasks to achieve objectives.
Leading
The process of influencing or motivating people to work towards the achievement of the organisation’s objectives.
Interpersonal qualities
Interpersonal skills are the life skills we use every day to communicate and interact with other people, both individually and in groups. People who have worked on developing strong interpersonal skills are usually more successful in both their professional and personal lives.
Informational qualities
Information that is suitable for all of an organisation’s purposes, not just my purposes.
Decision-making qualities
Decision making is the mental process of choosing from a set of alternatives. Every decision-making process produces an outcome that might be an action, a recommendation, or an opinion.
Policy
A set of broad guidelines to be followed by all employees when dealing with important areas of decision making.
Procedure
A series of actions enabling a policy to be put into practice. It can also be used to resolve a dispute brought about by a breach of a policy.
Ethical management
Abiding by moral standards and doing the ‘right’ thing in the interests of all stakeholders.
Audit
An independent check of the accuracy of financial records and accounting procedures.
Corporate code of conduct
A set of ethical standards for managers and employees to uphold.
Social responsibility
The obligations a business has over and above its legal responsibilities to the wellbeing of employees and customers, shareholders and the community as well as the environment.
Social report
A report that outlines what an organisation has done, and is doing, with regard to social issues.
Conflict of interest
A situation in which a person is in a position to derive personal benefit from actions or decisions made in their official capacity.
