Chapter Five: The Human Resource Management Function - The Employment Cycle SAC 2

Question 1

Maintenance Phase

Answer 1

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Question 2

Termination Phase

Answer 2

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Question 3

Human Resource (HR) Planning

Answer 3

The development of strategies to meet the organisation’s future human resource needs.

Question 4

Job analysis

Answer 4

The study of an employee’s job in order to determine the duties performed, the time involved with each of those duties, the responsibilities involved and the equipment required.

Question 5

Job description

Answer 5

A summary of what the worker will be doing - the role they will have in the organisation in terms of duties and responsibilities.

Question 6

Job specification

Answer 6

An indication of the sort of person an organisation is seeking in terms of personal qualities, skills, education and work experience.

Question 7

Job design

Answer 7

Details the number, kind and variety of tasks that individual employees perform in their jobs. Jobs may be designed so they include a variety of tasks to keep employees interested and motivated.

Question 8

Recruitment

Answer 8

The process of attracting qualified job applicants from which to select the most appropriate person for a specific job.

Question 9

Internal recruitment

Answer 9

Recruitment inside the organisation.

Question 10

External recruitment

Answer 10

Recruitment outside the organisation.

Question 11

Employee selection

Answer 11

The process of choosing the candidate who best matches the organisation’s requirements.

Question 12

Discrimination

Answer 12

This occurs when a policy or practice disadvantages a person or a group based on a personal characteristic that is irrelevant to the performance of the work.

Question 13

Full-time permanent employment

Answer 13

When employees have an ongoing employment contract that includes all legally required entitlements.

Question 14

Part-time permanent employment

Answer 14

When an employee works fewer ordinary weekly or monthly hours compared with full-time employees.

Question 15

Fixed term contract

Answer 15

Where employment is offered for a specific period.

Question 16

Casual employees

Answer 16

Those who are employed on a hourly basis.

Question 17

Remuneration

Answer 17

Monetary payment in return for the work an employee performs.

Question 18

Wage

Answer 18

An hourly or weekly rate of pay.

Question 19

Salary

Answer 19

A fixed amount paid to an employee each year which is them divided by 26 to give a fortnightly salary, or by 12 to give a monthly salary.

Question 20

Salary sacrifice

Answer 20

When an employee forgoes salary in order to receive another non-cash benefit of equivalent value.

Question 21

On costs (or non-wage benefits)

Answer 21

Additional costs involved in hiring an employee, above the cost of their wages and include superannuation, long service leave and worker’s compensation.

Question 22

Induction

Answer 22

The process of acquainting new employees with the organisation - its history, structures, objectives, culture, policies and practices - and the jobs they will perform.

Question 23

Training

Answer 23

Generally, the process of teaching staff how to do their job more efficiently and effectively by boosting their knowledge and skills.

Question 24

Development

Answer 24

Organisational activities that prepare staff to take on greater responsibility in the future.

Question 25

Learning organisation

Answer 25

An organisation that monitors and interprets its environment, seeking to improve its understanding of the interrelationship between its action and its environment.

Question 26

Succession planning

Answer 26

Planning that focuses on preparing employees with potential to take on key management positions within the organisation in the future, should the need arise.

Question 27

Recognition and reward programs

Answer 27

Programs that aim to both acknowledge the work an employee has done and provide some sort of benefit such as cash, merchandise, travel or gift certificates in return for a job well done.

Question 28

Intrinsic rewards

Answer 28

Rewards that come from the task or job itself, such as recognition or feedback or a sense of achievement.

Question 29

Extrinsic rewards

Answer 29

Rewards outside the job itself. They may be monetary or non-monetary.

Question 30

Performance management

Answer 30

Management that focuses on improving both organisational and individual performance through relating organisational performance objectives to individual employee performance objectives.

Question 31

Performance appraisal

Answer 31

The formal assessment of how efficiently and effectively an employee is performing their role in the organisation.

Question 32

Performance feedback

Answer 32

Information provided to an employee after a performance appraisal.

Question 33

Termination

Answer 33

Ending the employment of an employee.

Question 34

Retirement

Answer 34

This is when an employee decides to give up full-time or part-time work and no longer be part of the labour force.

Question 35

Resignation

Answer 35

The voluntary ending of employment by the employee ‘quitting’ their job.

Question 36

Redundancy

Answer 36

This is when a person’s job no longer exists, usually due to technological changes, an organisational restructure or a merger or takeover.

Question 37

Retrenchment

Answer 37

This occurs when a business dismisses an employee because there is not enough work to justify paying them.

Question 38

Dismissal

Answer 38

This happens when the behaviour of an employee is unacceptable and an organisation terminates their employment.

Question 39

Unfair dismissal

Answer 39

When an employee is dismissed because the employer has discriminated against them in some way, such as firing someone because she is pregnant.

Question 40

Establishment Phase

Answer 40

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