Chapter two exam

Question 1

An assessment of the cost of a good or service that includes the environmental, social, and economic costs is called the:

Answer 1

triple bottom line.

Question 2

_____ for a country is the land needed to provide resources and assimilate waste.

Answer 2

An ecological footprint

Question 3

What type of policy is needed when an environmental problem extends across national boundaries?

Answer 3

international

Question 4

Today, if we were to purchase a good or service at its true cost, how would the price compare with what we are accustomed to paying for the good or service?

Answer 4

The price would be higher.

Question 5

Including both internal and external costs when setting a price for a good or service is an example of _____ cost.

Answer 5

true

Question 6

A manufacturer of potato chips claims that its packaging can be broken down by living organisms. This packaging is considered:

Answer 6

biodegradable

Question 7

In the 1960s and 1970s, a national outcry occurred because:

Answer 7

environmental problems in one state started affecting other states more often.

Question 8

What is the CORRECT order of the policy decision-making process?

Answer 8

identify a problem — consider options — formulation — adoption — implementation — evaluation

Question 9

Which example is NOT a way to personally reduce your solid waste production?

Answer 9

buying organic foods from developing countries

Question 10

Which agency was established by Congress to implement and enforce federal environmental laws?

Answer 10

EPA

Question 11

Scientists have concluded that increasing levels of _____ were causing the depletion of the ozone layer.

Answer 11

CFCs

Question 12

Waste is:

Answer 12

a human term used to describe things we throw away.

Question 13

Hazardous and nonhazardous wastes in developing countries often end up in open dumps. Which statement is FALSE regarding open dumps?

Answer 13

Sanitary landfills and open dumps are essentially the same thing.

Question 14

The majority of municipal solid waste produced in the United States ends up being:

Answer 14

landfilled

Question 15

Prior to the 1987 Montréal Protocol, there existed some uncertainty in the scientific community as to the magnitude of ozone depletion caused by CFCs in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, the protocol did recommend phasing out CFCs from refrigerants and other uses because the potential consequences of not doing so were so severe. This is an example of applying the _____ principle.

Answer 15

precautionary

Question 16

Tiny bits of plastic gather in specific areas of the world’s oceans where strong currents circle around areas with very weak, or even no, currents. These regions are called:

Answer 16

gyres

Question 17

An essential ecological process that makes life on Earth possible is called:

Answer 17

an ecosystem service

Question 18

One of the limitations of mainstream economics is that it does not take into account _____ costs when a price is assigned to a product or service.

Answer 18

external

Question 19

Why should we care about ozone?

Answer 19

It protects Earth’s surface from UV radiation.

Question 20

What is the North Atlantic Garbage Patch?

Answer 20

an area with high densities of plastic in the Atlantic Ocean

Question 21

Match the waste management method to its potential harm to ecosystems.

Answer 21

landfills- disposal of hazardous waste