Chapter Two: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology Flashcards
The ____-_________ approach argues that the origins of behaviour can be traced to a single root cause of a psychological disorder
one-dimensional
Applying a multidimensional integrative approach allows clinicians to do which of the following?
A. Identify the single influence at the root of developing a disorder
B. Provide a narrowed view for the causes of developing a disorder
C. Provide a more comprehensive view for the causes of developing a disorder
D. Incorporate psychological and social influences to developing a disorder, while excluding biological influences
C. Provide a more comprehensive view for the causes of developing a disorder
One theory of this interaction between genes and the environment has been termed the diathesis–stress model. The component of stress in this model serves to ______ certain traits or behaviours associated with developing a disorder.
activate
In other words, people with an inherited vulnerability to developing a disorder seek out situations that are likely to _______ the onset of the disorder. This is the argument behind the gene–environment correlation model, also known as the reciprocal gene–environment model.
trigger
Dr. Strong has formulated a hypothesis on how the gene–environment correlation model may account for the development of substance abuse. Select the hypothesis most likely developed by Dr. Strong that follows the gene–environment correlation model.
A. People with the genetic tendency to develop substance abuse pursue high-risk situations that require self-medication, activating the onset of the disorder.
B. The genetic tendency to develop substance abuse causes men to act more aggressively around others and women to act more submissively around others.
C. People with the genetic tendency to develop substance abuse inherit an enzyme compound that makes it easier for them to break down alcohol in their system.
D. People with the genetic tendency to develop substance abuse start drinking at a later age than people with a substance abuse problem that did not inherit this tendency.
A. People with the genetic tendency to develop substance abuse pursue high-risk situations that require self-medication, activating the onset of the disorder.
In the field of epigenetics has found that interventions early in life can level the playing field for people with genetic vulnerabilities.
Researchers in this field have found that ___________ ____________ early in life have proven to be powerful tools to override genetic tendencies, reducing the presence of unwanted behaviours.
environmental manipulations
Gamma aminobutyric acid is short for ______
GABA
Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the reasoning behind the changes in brain function that occur with placebo treatment?
A. The placebo still has a physical effect, but is just less intense than the real drug, causing the change in brain function.
B. The lack of actual medication in a placebo causes the pill to be an ineffective treatment method, leading to no change in brain function.
C. The minor physical effects of taking a placebo accumulate over time, creating changes in brain function similar to taking prescription medication.
D. Placebos make people believe they are taking medication, causing any change in brain function to be a result of these psychological expectations.
D. Placebos make people believe they are taking medication, causing any change in brain function to be a result of these psychological expectations.
Which of the following must be true in order for Clancy’s depression to be a result of learned helplessness?
A. Clancy thinks that he will never be able to pass and gives up on going to class.
B. Clancy is sent to a remedial class where he expects to get some better help.
C. Clancy decides to hire a tutor and try as hard as he can on the next exam.
A. Clancy thinks that he will never be able to pass and gives up on going to class.
The theory behind ________ _________ posits that humans are predisposed to learning about certain types of objects or situations because that knowledge contributes to the survival of the species.
prepared learning
The term emotion is difficult to define, but most theorists agree that it is a:
tendency to behave in a certain way
The Latin American fright disorder known as susto is caused bythe belief by:
the individual with the disorder that they are the target of black magic
_______ have a much higher prevalence of phobia because it is more acceptable for them to express _____.
- women
- fear
Beyond one’s culture, social relationships have been found to impact psychopathology. Which statement best describes the relationship between interpersonal relationships and health?
A. Decreased interpersonal relationships keep you healthier, decreasing your chances of getting sick from others.
B. Interpersonal relationships are an influential factor in mental health only during catastrophic events.
C. Health-promoting behaviours are often facilitated by interpersonal relationships.
D. Interpersonal relationships are more beneficial health-wise for men than women.
C. Health-promoting behaviours are often facilitated by interpersonal relationships.
Lifespan developmentalists advocate for a more comprehensive perspective to understanding psychopathology, arguing that important developmental changes occur throughout a person’s life. Which research finding supports this perspective?
A. For both boys and girls, puberty does nothing to change the gender distribution in depression.
B. Antidepressant drugs pose similar risks to adolescents and adults.
C. The gender distribution in depression becomes less equal with puberty, becoming more common in girls.
D. Antidepressant drugs affect adolescent boys and girls in the same way.
C. The gender distribution in depression becomes less equal with puberty, becoming more common in girls.
