Chapter Two Flashcards
Break down the word Bio-Gio-Chemical. What does each part mean?
Bio- living/biotic factors
Geo- nonliving/abiotic factors (rocks/earth)
Chemical- chemistry (nutrients)
What is the center of an atom?
It is the nucleus.
What is inside of the atom? Is it protons, neutrons, electrons, or a combination?
Protons and neutrons.
Every atom has e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ s in its outer shells
Electrons.
The number of protons in the nucleus determines the identity of a substance. What is this number called?
Atomic number.
The first two shells in an atom can hold 2 electrons. The rest can hold up to 8. What is this rule called?
The Octet Rule.
True or False: The closer a substance is to stability (reaching a full outer shell) the more reactive it will be.
True, if a substance is missing an electron or has an extra electron, it will be more reactive.
True or False: Gaining and/or losing an electron influences its charge.
True. If an electron is gained, the charge will be negative. If it is lost, then it will be positive.
What does organic mean?
It was derived from natural resources and has carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Where do nutrients come from?
Weathering rocks.
Where does energy come from?
The sun and earth’s core.
What is kinetic energy?
This is the energy of an object in motion.
What is potential energy?
It is stored energy. In example, a ball standing still before it rolls down a hill.
Explain the First Law of Thermodynamics?
Energy can’t be created or destroyed.
Explain the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Energy is lost to the universe.
True or False: Energy is not seen on a light spectrum.
False. The spectrum that we can see is ROY G BIV. There are two outside of this called Infrared (harmless) and Ultra Violet (can be harmful).
True or False: Ecosystems receive input, process and transform inputs, and produce outputs into the
ecosystem.
True. Energy flows in one direction, it enters and exits. Matter and biomass is generally recycled.
What two nutrients are put in fertilizer to help plants grow?
Nitrogen and phosphorus.
True or false: eutrophication begins when nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus run into the water.
True.
True or false: phytoplankton rapidly reproduce from the increased nutrients in the run off and they thrive forever. There are no negative consequences.
False. The phytoplankton population explodes and they compete for resources. Many die and fall to the bottom.
True or false: decomposing bacteria communities consume large amounts of oxygen from the water. This creates a dead zone, where nothing can survive.
True.
What is the difference between Hypoxic and Anoxic?
Hypoxic is low oxygen, and Anoxic is no oxygen.
How are oysters helpful?
They filter out the water naturally, which means they consume phytoplankton.
What is Tragedy of the Commons?
If a resource is free and unregulated, it will be severely abused.
What is privatization of a resource?
The owner of resource distribution is responsible for regulating use of the resource.
What is government regulation of resources?
The government establishes and enforces laws to prevent resource abuse. Common people have access to the resource in moderation.
