Chapter Two

Question 1

Break down the word Bio-Gio-Chemical. What does each part mean?

Answer 1

Bio- living/biotic factors
Geo- nonliving/abiotic factors (rocks/earth)
Chemical- chemistry (nutrients)

Question 2

What is the center of an atom?

Answer 2

It is the nucleus.

Question 3

What is inside of the atom? Is it protons, neutrons, electrons, or a combination?

Answer 3

Protons and neutrons.

Question 4

Every atom has e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ s in its outer shells

Answer 4

Electrons.

Question 5

The number of protons in the nucleus determines the identity of a substance. What is this number called?

Answer 5

Atomic number.

Question 6

The first two shells in an atom can hold 2 electrons. The rest can hold up to 8. What is this rule called?

Answer 6

The Octet Rule.

Question 7

True or False: The closer a substance is to stability (reaching a full outer shell) the more reactive it will be.

Answer 7

True, if a substance is missing an electron or has an extra electron, it will be more reactive.

Question 8

True or False: Gaining and/or losing an electron influences its charge.

Answer 8

True. If an electron is gained, the charge will be negative. If it is lost, then it will be positive.

Question 9

What does organic mean?

Answer 9

It was derived from natural resources and has carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Question 10

Where do nutrients come from?

Answer 10

Weathering rocks.

Question 11

Where does energy come from?

Answer 11

The sun and earth’s core.

Question 12

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 12

This is the energy of an object in motion.

Question 13

What is potential energy?

Answer 13

It is stored energy. In example, a ball standing still before it rolls down a hill.

Question 14

Explain the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 14

Energy can’t be created or destroyed.

Question 15

Explain the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 15

Energy is lost to the universe.

Question 16

True or False: Energy is not seen on a light spectrum.

Answer 16

False. The spectrum that we can see is ROY G BIV. There are two outside of this called Infrared (harmless) and Ultra Violet (can be harmful).

Question 17

True or False: Ecosystems receive input, process and transform inputs, and produce outputs into the
ecosystem.

Answer 17

True. Energy flows in one direction, it enters and exits. Matter and biomass is generally recycled.

Question 18

What two nutrients are put in fertilizer to help plants grow?

Answer 18

Nitrogen and phosphorus.

Question 19

True or false: eutrophication begins when nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus run into the water.

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

True or false: phytoplankton rapidly reproduce from the increased nutrients in the run off and they thrive forever. There are no negative consequences.

Answer 20

False. The phytoplankton population explodes and they compete for resources. Many die and fall to the bottom.

Question 21

True or false: decomposing bacteria communities consume large amounts of oxygen from the water. This creates a dead zone, where nothing can survive.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

What is the difference between Hypoxic and Anoxic?

Answer 22

Hypoxic is low oxygen, and Anoxic is no oxygen.

Question 23

How are oysters helpful?

Answer 23

They filter out the water naturally, which means they consume phytoplankton.

Question 24

What is Tragedy of the Commons?

Answer 24

If a resource is free and unregulated, it will be severely abused.

Question 25

What is privatization of a resource?

Answer 25

The owner of resource distribution is responsible for regulating use of the resource.

Question 26

What is government regulation of resources?

Answer 26

The government establishes and enforces laws to prevent resource abuse. Common people have access to the resource in moderation.