Chapter Two

Question 1

articles of confederation

Answer 1

first basis of new nation govt(adopted 1781) –> alliance of sovereign states held together by weak central govt

Question 2

anti federalists

Answer 2

anti-ratification of the constitution

Question 3

bicameral

Answer 3

legislature with two houses(like US congress)

Question 4

bill of rights

Answer 4

first ten amendments to the US constitution; most designed to protect fundamental rights/liberties

Question 5

checks and balances

Answer 5

system where govt branches can limit the exercise of other branch’s powers –> different branches work together

Question 6

confederation

Answer 6

highly decentralized form of govt, union formed from sovereign states for mutual defense

Question 7

declaration of independence

Answer 7

1776; colonists proclaim independence from Great britain/ listed grievances against the king

Question 8

enumerated powers

Answer 8

powers given to fed govt by constitution( in article 1. section 8) includes power over interstate foreign commerce, raising/supporting armies, declare war, coin money, conduct foreign affairs

Question 9

federal system

Answer 9

form of govt with separated state govt and national govt

Question 10

federalists

Answer 10

supporters of the ratification of the constitution

Question 11

great compromise

Answer 11

merges virginia plan and new jersey plan to create two-house congress, house of rep representation based on population, and equal representation of states in the senate

Question 12

natural rights

Answer 12

life liberty and property “given by god” no govt can take them away

Question 13

new jersey plan

Answer 13

one house national legislature, each state has one vote

Question 14

republic

Answer 14

political powers rests in the hands of the people, not a monarch, exercised by elected representatives in this form of govt

Question 15

reserved powers

Answer 15

powers not prohibited by constitution or delegated to the national govt. Powers for states, denied to the fed govt

Question 16

separation of powers

Answer 16

sharing of powers among 3 branches of govt

Question 17

social contract

Answer 17

agreement between ppl/govt; consent to be governed if govt protects natural rights

Question 18

supremacy clause

Answer 18

article VI in the constitution; fed law is superior to laws passed by state legislatures

Question 19

federalist papers

Answer 19

eighty-five essays by alexander hamilton/james madison/john jay to support ratification of the constitution

Question 20

3/5 compromise

Answer 20

between north and south states, count all of free state population and 60%i of enslaved population for fed taxation and representation in congress

Question 21

unicameral legislaturelegislature

Answer 21

legislature with only one house

Question 22

veto

Answer 22

president powers to reject proposed law by congress

Question 23

virginia plan

Answer 23

plan for two house legislature. representatives to lower house based on state pop; upper house representatives chosen by the lower house

Question 24

magna carta

Answer 24

signed by king john in 1215 in order to promise that monarchs would refrains from actions that may harm people of england. influenced by 5th/6th amendments

Question 25

fugitive slave clause

Answer 25

clause 3 of article IV, allowes enslavers to reclaim the enslaved in the states where they had fled

Question 26

marbury c madison

Answer 26

US supreme court establishes own authority to rule constitutionality of laws = judicial review