chapter twenty-eight🤓 anddd shapter twenty-nine Flashcards
a layer extending an average of 12km above earths surface
troposphere
occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable
temperature inversion
a nature process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation
greenhouse effect
how are the atmospheric layers are divided
composition and temperature
what is the majority of the troposphere made up of
78% nitrogen 😡
what is the second biggest gas that makes up the air in the troposphere
21% oxygen
what is the remaining 1% of gases in the troposphere
trace gases, a majority of it is argon
what layer does weather take place🤯
in the troposphere
does the temperature increase or decrease the higher the altitude?
decrease
how many layers are there in the earths atmosphere
sinco
what are the names of the atmosphere layers starting from the closest to the earths surface to the furthest 🤏🏽
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere ✍🏿
which layer is the ozone layer located in
stratosphere 💀
does the temperature increase or decrease in the stratosphere😁
increase
within the mesosphere does the temperature increase or decrease?
decreases
do the last two layers of the atmosphere affect weather
100% of solar radiation comes from the
sun ☀
what percent of solar radiation is absorbed by earths surface
50% 🍳
what percent of solar radiation gets reflected off of earths surface
5%
what percent of radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere
20%
🙀 what percent of solar radiation is reflected off the clouds and the particles in the atmosphere
25% 🕴
🕳
what are the three basic could types
cumulus, stratus, cirrus 🌩
explain what a stratus cloud looks like☁
layered sheet like clouds associated with rain 🌧
explain what a cumulus could looks like
puffy and cause fair weather ☁
explain what a cirrus cloud looks like
wispy, at a high altitude
what is it called where water gets taken from the land gets taken to the atmosphere and falls back to the land
water cycle
what are the stages of the water cycle
evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration
a narrow band of fast moving high altitude air
jet stream
the apparent deflection of an object due to earths rotation
Coriolis effect
a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout
air mass
air masses interact in zones
weather fronts 🤓
is there only one jet stream in the world
no, there are 4
how many pressure systems are there
2, low pressure system, high pressure system
what is the low pressure system known as?
Low (L)
which way does the air flow in a low pressure system
counterclockwise
what is the result of a low pressure system
air rises and forms clouds and could cause precipitation
what is a high pressure system known as
a High (H)
which direction does a high pressure system flow
clock wise
what are some results of a high pressure system
causes the air to sink which results in clear skies
🤯what are the 4 weather fronts 🥱
cold front warm front stationary front and occluded front
🤯what are the 4 weather fronts 🥱
cold front warm front stationary front and occluded front
what happens during a cold front
forces warm air up causing cumulus clouds to form
what is a cold front represented by on the news
a blue triangle
what happens during warm front
warm air rises gently above cold air, forms stratus type clouds or fog, can create steady rainfall
what would a warm front be represented as on the news
red semi circles
what happens during a stationary front
cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances, cam last for days
what is a stationary front represented by on the news
alternating red half circles and blue triangles from bottom and top
what happens during a occluded front
a fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front, thunderstorms and strong winds often occur
what is an occluded front represented by on the news
alternating purple triangles and half circles on the top
a climate that is strongly affected by an ocean
maritime climate
a climate that is not directly affected by an ocean
continental climate
blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon when the land is warmer than the water
sea breeze
what is climate
long term average of weather conditions
what is weather
day to day outside conditions
what are the 5 spheres that make up the earths system
atmosphere, biosphere,lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere,
what is the atmosphere
includes the air around us
what is the biosphere
everything that is organic
what is the hydrosphere
liquid water
what is the cryosphere
frozen water, snow, ice, and glaciers
what is the lithosphere
Earth’s outermost layer
what is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location
latitude
where is the greatest amount of solar radiation received on earth
at the equator
at a tropical zones what degrees do the sun rays hit earth
90 degreez
at a temperate zone what degrees do the sun rays hit earths surface in the temperate zones
45 degreez
at a polar zones what degrees do the suns rays hit the earths surface
30 degreez
which zone do we fall into
temperate zone
what other factors determine climate
precipitation mountains and water
what are some specifics on the windward side of a mountain range
wet and lots of vegetation
what is the air like and what does the vegetation look like
little to not vegetation and dry air
what is land breeze
air coming from land blowing got the water
what climate zone is Lamar in and what is the vegetation like
warm and grassland
an increase in the average temperatures of earths near surface air and oceans
global warming
the warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years
el nino
which occurs when trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder then normal
L nina
what are the two changes that earths climate undergoes
seasonal and long term
how do seasonal changes occur
as earth revolves around the sun
which hemisphere experiences summer
the one that is tilted toward the sun
what was the period called when earths surface was covered by a sheet of ice
Ice age
how long ago did the world climate reach its current pattern
what are the changes related to earths orbit
timing of season axis and shape of the orbit
🦿how do humans impact climate
energy consumption deforestation industrial practices and agricultural practices
what is deforestation
clearing a large area of forestland
how does deforestation impact climate change
trees absorb the CO2
what are the two ways that the carbon cycle is affected
deforestation and loss of vegetation
round- three dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions
sphere
an elongated closed curve with two foci
ellipse
is earth a perfect sphere
nah the width is bigger than the height
what are some ancient observations to prove earth is a sphere
if you drop an object from anywhere it will always drop straight down
shadow of earth will always have a curved shaped during a lunar eclipse
everybody does not see the exact same stars, we all see different stars
what are two factors that affect gravitational strength
mass and distance
witch diameter of earth, pull to pull or diameter of the equator longer
diameter of the equator
💀what does the magnetic protect earth from 💀
harmful radiation, solar flares,
the south magnetic pole is located in the witch hemisphere?????
north hemisphere
what degree is earths axis tiltied at
11.7🌡
do the magnetic poles reverse☠
yes they do
what is a large scale reversals called
magnetic reversals
how often do magnetic reversals occur
every 200,000 thousand year
when was the last magnetic reversal
780.000 years ago
what is the part of the magnetic field that deflects harmful radiation from the sun
magneto sphere
what is the northern lights and the southern lights called
northern lights are called the aurora Boreas and southern lights are aurora australis
How are the auroras created
electricity charged particles collides with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light
what month is the sun closest to the earth
January about 147-million kilometres away
during which month are we farthest away from the sun
July 152-million kilometres always
an area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same
time zone
spinning of Earth on its axis
rotation
the motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun m
Revolution
defined as the plan of Earths orbit around the sun
ecliptic
occurs when Earths rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun
solstice
Earths rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center to Earth to the center of the sun
equinox
Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.
Babylonians
What was the symbol for degree taken from`
It was the symbol for the sun
How many degrees does the earth spin in one day
360 degrees
how many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation
24 hours
How many degrees does the earth spin in 1 hour
15 degrees
what direction does the sun rise
East
what direction does the sun set
West
true or false All time zones are the exact same size?
False they are modified to fit around cities states and country borders and other key sites
How many time zones are there in the world
twenty 4
which direction do you move to add hours to the time
If moving east
which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time
If moving West
How many time zone are there in the US
6
What are the names of the time zones
Mountain time Central Time Eastern time Pacific time Alaska time and Hawaii time
what is a solar day
Is the movement of the sun from noon from one day to noon the next day
what is a sidereal day
look at a specific star and make a full rotation to see the same star the next day
what are the two main reason for seasons
Tilt of the earth and the revolution
which 2 season have a solstice
which month is the summer solstice
which month is the winter solstice
which two season are equinoxes
which month is the spring equinox
Which month is the fall equinox
when is the longest day of the year’
when is the shortest day of the year
When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night
rise or fall in the ocean surfaced
tide
reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth
moon phase
occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and earth and casts a shadow on earth
solar eclipse
occurs when earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon
lunar eclipse
dark colored flat lava filled regions on the moons surface
maria
a layer of dusty lunar material produced by collision between asteroids and comets and the moon
regolith
how many days does it take the moon to revolve around earth
27.3 days
a complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called
synodic month
do we ever see the back side of the moon
no we never see the back side of the moon
what causes a tide to rise or fall
the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon
what is the rise of seas level called
high tide
after the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop
about 6 hours
which is farther from earth the sun or the moon
sun is further
does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on earths tides
da moon
how are the sun the earth and the moon aligned for a spring tide
☀ 🌎 🌗
how are the sun the earth and the moon aligned for a neap tide
90 degree angle sun earth then moon
what does the phase of the moon you see depend on
positions of the moon earth and the sun relative to one another
when does a new moon occur
when the moon is between the earth and the sun
how many phases of the moon are there
8
what is the definition of waxing phases
the illuminated portion we see gets larger each night
what is the definition of waning phases
the illuminated portion that we see get smaller
what are the moon phase names
new moon waxing crescent 1st quarter waxing crescent full moon waxing gibbous 3rd quarter and waning crescent
where is the word month derived from
same root word as moon
how is the earth moon and sun aligned during a solar eclipse
sun moon then earth
what is an umbra
where the total eclipse happens which is the darkest portion of the moons shadow on earth
what is a penumbra
partial solar eclipse, not going to be in the dark shadow
how is the earth moon and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse
moon earth sun
how are the depressions on the moon formed
meteoroids asteroids and comets that strike the moons surface
are there mountains on the moon
yes
which side of the moon is thicker
dark side
is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid
solid
what did clementine spacecraft do
it confirmed the thickness of the crust
it provided information on the mineral content on moon rocks
what did the lunar prospect do
took photos of the moons surface
confirmed the moon had a iron rich core
collected evidence that the presence of water and ice on the moon
what is the giant impact theory
