Chapter Twelve Aboriginal People: History Flashcards
When was the Royal Proclamation and what did it state?
- Aboriginals are autonomous, self-governing groups. They are deserving of their own land separate from colonial settlements.
Who made the Royal Proclamation?
King George III
When was the transfer of Aboriginal affairs and what did it entail?
- The Province of Canada assigned Department of Indian affairs superintendents who were all caucasian to supervise people living on the reserves.
What is the goal of assimilation in relation to aboriginal people?
- Forcing aboriginals to learn English and convert to Christianity.
- Teaching them farming techniques, values, and customs.
- Eliminate the Aboriginal way of life.
- Dismantle reserves.
- Strip away Indian status.
What is the Gradual Civilization Act and when did it happen?
It happened in 1857. It introduced enfranchisement, and later a compulsory enfranchisement law.
What was enfranchisement?
When aboriginal people could give up their Indian status and land to obtain full citizenship in the British colony.
What was the enfranchisement law and when was it created?
Created in 1869. Status women who married non-status men had their status stripped away. Children from that marriage were denied status.
What was the British North American Act and when did it happen?
Created in 1867. This act was when the British government gave the federal government of Canada responsibility over Aboriginal people.
What were the responsibilities of the federal government in terms of Aboriginal people?
People with Indian status and the reserves.
What were the responsibilities of the provincial governments in terms of Aboriginal people?
People without Indian status.
When was the first Indian Act passed?
1876.
What did the Indian Act state?
They need to free the “red man” from a life of dependency, educate him, and move him into higher citizenship.
What prime minister introduced Residential schools at the federal level of government and when?
John A. Macdonald in 1879
What did residential schools teach children?
To be ashamed of their heritage and to reject everything “Indian.”
What amendments were made to the Indian Act in 1951?
Bans on potlatches, powwows, and other traditional ceremonies were lifted.
What is another name for the Indian Policy Statement?
The White Paper.
When did the Indian policy statement happen and what was proposed?
- It was proposed that they abolish the Indian Act, abandon the label of status Indians, and give more control to aboriginal people over their lands.
How did aboriginal people respond to the Indian policy statement?
They rejected the proposal. It was stated that the government might have been attempting to assimilate them again and strip them of their rights under the Indian Act.
What are the five National Aboriginal Organizations?
Assembly of First Nations, Congress of Aboriginal Peoples, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Inuit Trapiriit Kanatami, and Metis National Council.
When was the Constitution Act made and what did it do for aboriginal people?
- Reforms in aboriginal-government relations, amendments to the Indian Act, and reduced government power to arbitrarily cancel aboriginal land claims and treaties.
How did colonial officials aid assimilation?
Systemically weakening band leadership, destroying trade patterns, and banning traditional practices.
What is the Kelowna Accord?
An agreement that promised to guide a new Aboriginal-government relationship that lead to new economic, health, education, and housing initiatives. They pledged five billion dollars over five years.
What initiated the Kelowna Accord?
Prime minister Paul Martin.
What did the conservatives do to the Kelowna Accord?
They ended up only allocating one billion over four years.
