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ANAT 316 > Chapter Three: The Senses > Flashcards

Chapter Three: The Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the orbital cavities of the eye

A

-the roof
-the lateral wall
-the floor
-the medial wall

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2
Q

The roof of the orbit

A

-orbital plate of frontal bone
-lesser wing of sphenoid bone

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3
Q

The lateral wall of the orbit

A

-frontal process of zygomatic bone
-zygomatic process of frontal bone
-greater wing of sphenoid

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4
Q

The floor of the orbit

A

-maxilla
-palatine bone
-orbital plate of zygomatic bone

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5
Q

The medial wall of the orbit

A

-maxilla
-lacrimal bone
-ethmoid bone
-lesser wing of sphenoid

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6
Q

Supraorbital margin

A

-part of the frontal bone
-forms upper boundary of anterior base of orbit

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7
Q

Supraorbital foramen

A

-at junction of lateral 2/3 and medial 1/3 of the supraorbital margin
-where supraorbital nerve and vessels emerge

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8
Q

Infraorbital margin

A

-lower border of the base of the orbit
-formed by margin of maxilla and zygomatic bone

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9
Q

Infraorbital groove

A

-floor of the orbit

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10
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

-lies below the orbital margin

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11
Q

Which nerve runs through infraorbital foramen

A

-infraorbital nerve
-which is a branch of the maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

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12
Q

Optic foramen

A

-opens at the nasal side of orbit

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13
Q

Which nerve and artery runs through the optic foramen

A

-optic nerve
-opthalamic artery

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14
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

-lies between greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

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15
Q

Structures passing through superior orbital fissure

A

-oculomotor nerve
-trochlear nerve
-branches of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
-abducens nerve
-sympathetic roots of ciliary ganglion

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16
Q

Inferior orbital fissure

A

-lies on the floor of the orbit
-seperates greater wing of sphenoid from orbital surfaces of palatine, maxilla, and zygomatic bones

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17
Q

What nerve passes through inferior orbital fissure

A

-infraorbital nerve and vessels

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18
Q

Nasolacrimal fossa

A

-anterior end of medial orbital wall

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19
Q

What structures are in the nasolacrimal fossa

A

-lacrimal sac

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20
Q

3 layers of the eyeball

A

-fibrous layer
-vascular layer
-retina (inner layer)

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21
Q

Outer layer of the eyeball

A

-fibrous

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22
Q

Parts of the fibrous layer

A

-sclera
-cornea

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23
Q

Sclera

A

-white opaque connective tissue
-gives shape to the eyeball
-protects internal parts
-attachment site for eye muscles

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24
Q

Cornea

A

-transparent fibrous layer
-superficial to iris and allows light to enter interior of the eye

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25
Q

Scleral venous sinus

A

-at junction of cornea and sclera
-aids in drainage of aqueous fluid

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26
Q

Middle layer of the eyeball

A

-vascular layer (uvea)

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27
Q

Parts of the vascular layer (uvea)

A

-choroid
-ciliary body
-iris

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28
Q

Choroid

A

-posterior, dark brown, vascular portion
-absorbs stray light rays

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29
Q

Parts of the ciliary body

A

-ciliary processes
-ciliary muscles

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30
Q

Ciliary processes

A

-folds on the internal surface of the ciliary body which secrete aqueous humor

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31
Q

Ciliary muscles

A

-smooth muscle tissue which encircles the lens
-contracts and relaxes to alter shape of the lens in order to adapt the lens for near or far vision

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32
Q

Iris

A

-coloured portion of the eyeball
-located between cornea and lens
-surround the pupil

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33
Q

2 muscle layers of the iris

A

-sphincter pupillae muscle
-dilator pupillae muscles

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34
Q

Inner layer of the eyeball

A

-retina

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35
Q

Optic disc

A

-site of exit of the optic nerve
-blind spot

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36
Q

2 major portions of the retina

A

-outer pigmented layer
-inner neural layer

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37
Q

Outer pigmented layer of retina function

A

-contains melanin which helps absorb stray lights rays

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38
Q

Inner neural sensory layer of retina function

A

-contains photoreceptors

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39
Q

3 layers of the inner neural layer of retina

A

-photoreceptor cell layer (contains rods and cones)
-bipolar cell layer
-ganglion cell layer

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40
Q

Macula

A

-exact center of retina
-contains small depression called fovea centralis

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41
Q

Lens of the eyeball

A

-clear transparent disc structure located posterior to the iris and pupil

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42
Q

What changes the shape of the lens

A

-ciliary muscles

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43
Q

2 cavities of the inferior of the eyeball

A

-anterior segment
-posterior segment

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44
Q

Anterior segment of inferior of eyeball location

A

-located between cornea and lens

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45
Q

Posterior segment of inferior of eyeball location

A

-located between lens and retina

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46
Q

Anterior segment of inferior of eyeball structures

A

-anterior chamber
-posterior chamber (watery aqueous humor)

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47
Q

Posterior segment of inferior of eyeball structure

A

-jellylike vitreous body
-contributes intraocular pressure

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48
Q

How is aqueous humor produced and drained

A

-by ciliary processes
-drained into scleral venous sinuses

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49
Q

Hyaloid canal

A

-narrow channel that travels through vitreous body from the optic disc to the posterior aspect of the lens

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50
Q

Superior rectus action

A

-moves eyeballs superiorly and medially

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51
Q

Superior rectus innervation

A

-oculomotor nerve

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52
Q

Inferior rectus action

A

-moves eyeballs inferiorly and medially

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53
Q

Inferior rectus innervation

A

-oculomotor nerve

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54
Q

Lateral rectus action

A

-moves eyeballs laterally

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55
Q

Lateral rectus innervation

A

-abducens nerve

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56
Q

Medial rectus action

A

-moves eyeballs medially

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57
Q

Medial rectus innervation

A

-oculomotor nerve

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58
Q

Superior oblique action

A

-moves eyeballs inferiorly and laterally

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59
Q

Superior oblique innervation

A

-trochlear nerve

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60
Q

Inferior oblique action

A

-moves eyeballs superiorly and laterally

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61
Q

Inferior oblique innervation

A

-oculomotor nerve

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62
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris action

A

-elevates upper eyelids

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63
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris innervation

A

-oculomotor nerve

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64
Q

3 major regions of the ear

A

-external (outer) ear
-middle ear
-internal (inner) ear

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65
Q

Function of the external (outer) ear

A

-collects sound waves and channels them inward

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66
Q

Parts of the external (outer) ear

A

-auricle (pinna)
-external acoustic meatus
-tympanic membrane

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67
Q

Auricle (pinna)

A

-flap of elastic cartilage covered by skin

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68
Q

Parts of the auricle

A

-helix: rim
-lobule: inferior portion

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69
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

-ear canal
-curved tube that lies in temporal bone
-leads to tympanic membrane

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70
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

-eardrum
-thin wall of dense connective tissue between external acoustic meatus and middle ear

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71
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

-hairs located on external acoustic meatus
-secrete cerumen (earwax)

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72
Q

Middle ear

A

-small, air filled cavity in petrous portion of temporal bone

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73
Q

How is middle ear separated from external ear

A

-tympanic membrane

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74
Q

How is middle ear separated from internal ear

A

-vestibular window and cochlear window

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75
Q

3 auditory ossicles of the middle ear

A

-malleus
-incus
-stapes

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76
Q

2 skeletal muscles attached to ossicles

A

-prevent damage to ear
-tensor tympani muscle
-stapedius muscle

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77
Q

Tensor tympani muscle innervation

A

-mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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78
Q

Stapedius muscle innervation

A

-innervated by facial nerve

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79
Q

Auditory tube

A

-opening of the anterior wall of tympanic cavity
-travels to the nasopharynx

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80
Q

Auditory tube function

A

-equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

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81
Q

Internal ear (labyrinth) divisions

A

-outer bony labyrinth
-inner membranous labyrinth

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82
Q

3 areas of the bony labyrinth

A

-semicircular canals
-vestibule
-cochlea

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83
Q

Membranous labyrinth

A

-series of interconnected sacs and tubes inside the bony labyrinth

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84
Q

Vestibule parts

A

-utricle and saccule

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85
Q

Parts of the semicircular canals

A

-anterior
-posterior
-lateral

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86
Q

Ampulla

A

-swelling at one end of each semicircular canal

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87
Q

Semicircular ducts function

A

-communicate with the utricle of the vestibule

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88
Q

2 channels of the cochlea

A

-scala vestibuli
-scala tympani

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89
Q

What structure separates the scala vestibuli and scala tympani

A

-cochlear duct

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90
Q

Scala vestibuli

A

-ends at the vestibular window

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91
Q

Scala tympani

A

-ends at the cochlear window

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92
Q

Vestibular membrane

A

-sepeartes cochlear duct from scala vestibuli

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93
Q

Basilar membrane

A

-separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani

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94
Q

Spiral organ (organ of corti)

A

-coiled sheet of epithelial and supporting cells which contains inner and outer hair cells

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95
Q

What are hair cells

A

-mechanoreceptors that detect auditory stimuli

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96
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

-flexible gelatinous projection over hair cells

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97
Q

Which structure forms the lateral walls of the mouth

A

-cheeks

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98
Q

What are the labia of the mouth

A

-the lips

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99
Q

Labial frenulum

A

-mucous membrane that attaches each lip to the gum

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100
Q

Oral cavity

A

-space that extends from the lips and teeth to the fauces

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101
Q

2 components of the oral cavity

A

-oral vestibule
-oral cavity proper

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102
Q

Oral vestibule

A

-space between external cheeks and lips and the internal gums and teeth

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102
Q

Oral vestibule

A

-space between external cheeks and lips and the internal gums and teeth

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103
Q

Oral cavity proper

A

-space that extends from the gums and teeth to the fauces that connects the oral cavity to the oropharynx

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104
Q

2 parts of the palate

A

-hard palate
-soft palate

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105
Q

Hard palate

A

-forms anterior 2/3 of the roof of the mouth
-consists of palatine processes of maxilla and perpendicular plates of palatine bones

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106
Q

Soft palate

A

-forms posterior portion of the roof of the mouth
-lies between oropharynx and nasopharynx
-contains uvula

107
Q

Palatoglossal arch

A

-muscular fold that extends to the side of the base of the tongue

108
Q

Palatopharyngeal arch

A

-muscular fold that extends to the side of the pharynx

109
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

-located between the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch

110
Q

Lingual tonsils

A

-located on the base of the tongue

111
Q

4 minor salivary glands

A

-labial
-buccal
-palatal
-lingual

112
Q

3 major salivary glands

A

-parotid
-submandibular
-sublingual

113
Q

Parotid glands location

A

-in retromandibular fossa

114
Q

Lobes of the parotid gland

A

-superficial lobe
-deep lobe

115
Q

Innervation of the parotid gland

A

-sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres

116
Q

Sympathetic parotid innervation function

A

-vasoconstriction

117
Q

Parasympathetic parotid innervation function

A

-secretion of saliva

118
Q

Submandibular glands location

A

-located beneath the base of the tongue
-posterior portion of the submandibular triangle

119
Q

Lobes of the submandibular gland

A

-superficial lobe
-deep lobe

120
Q

What separates the superficial and deep lobes of the submandibular gland

A

-mylohyoid muscle

121
Q

Submandibular gland parasympathetic input

A

-chorda tympani nerve

122
Q

Sublingual glands location

A

-floor of the mouth superior to submandibular glands and resting on mylohyoid muscle

123
Q

Sublingual glands parasympathetic input

A

-chorda tympani nerve

124
Q

Major salivary glands blood supply

A

-branches of the external carotid, facial, or lingual arteries

125
Q

Median septum of the tongue

A

-divides tongue into symmetrical lateral halves

126
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

-genioglossus
-hyoglossus
-styloglossus
-palatoglossus

127
Q

Genioglossus

A

-triangular muscle which protrudes and depresses the tongue

128
Q

Hyoglossus

A

-thin muscle which depressed the tongue

129
Q

Styloglossus

A

-draws tongue upwards and backwards and divide the tongue into 2 parts

130
Q

Palatoglossus muscle

A

-elevates the root of tongue and closes off the oropharynx

131
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue function

A

-within the tongue itself to alter its size and shape to produce fine movements for talking and swallowing

132
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

-superior longitudinal muscle
-inferior longitudinal muscle
-vertical muscle of the tongue
-transverse muscle of the tongue

133
Q

Superior longitudinal muscle

A

-makes the tongue concave
-shortens the tongue

134
Q

Inferior longitudinal muscle

A

-makes the tongue convex

135
Q

Vertical muscle of the tongue

A

-flattens and widens the tongue

136
Q

Transverse muscle of the tongue

A

-narrows and elongates the tongue

137
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

-fold of mucous membrane that attaches the midline of the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

138
Q

Lingual papillae

A

-projections of the lamina propria covered with stratified squamous epithelium that contain taste buds

139
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

-elevations distributed among filiform papillae
-most contain taste buds

140
Q

Vallate papillae

A

-arranged in inverted V shape on posterior surface of the tongue
-all contain taste buds

141
Q

Foliate papillae

A

-on the tongues lateral margins
-have few taste buds in adults

142
Q

Filiform papillae

A

-distributed in parallel rows over anterior 2/3 of tongue
-lack tastebuds but contain touch receptors
-give tongue mottled white colour and increase friction between tongue and food

143
Q

The teeth sensory innervation

A

-maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
-mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

144
Q

2 sets of teeth

A

-deciduous teeth (primary)
-permanent teeth (secondary)

145
Q

What does each row of teeth contain

A

-2 central incisors
-2 lateral incisors
-2 canines
-2 first premolars
-2 second premolars
-2 first permanent molars (erupt at age 6)
-2 second permanent molars (erupt at age 12)
-2 third permanent molars (wisdom teeth)

146
Q

3 parts of the pharynx

A

-nasopharynx
-oropharynx
-laryngopharynx

147
Q

Nasopharynx function

A

-respiratory

148
Q

Oropharynx function

A

-respiratory and digestive

149
Q

Laryngopharynx function

A

-respiratory and digestive

150
Q

Muscles of the pharynx

A

-superior pharyngeal constrictor
-middle pharyngeal constrictor
-inferior pharyngeal constrictor

151
Q

Divisions of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor

A

-thyropharyngeal
-cricopharyngeal

152
Q

Pharyngeal raphe

A

-structure where the constrictors come together at the midline

153
Q

Pharyngobasilar fascia

A

-strong internal lining of the pharynx

154
Q

3 longitudinal/elevator muscles of the pharynx

A

-stylopharyngeus
-palatopharyngeus
-salpingopharyngeus

155
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

A

-origin: pterygomandibular raphe
-insertion: pharyngeal tubercle & pharyngeal raphe
-innervated by vagus nerve
-constriction of the pharynx

156
Q

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

A

-origin: greater and lesser horn of hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament
-insertion: pharyngeal raphe
-innervated by vagus nerve
-constriction of pharynx

157
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

A

-origin: oblique line of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
-insertion: pharyngeal raphe
-innervated by vagus nerve
-constriction of the pharynx

158
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

-origin: medial base of styloid process of temporal bone
-insertion: blends with pharyngeal constrictors
-innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve
-elevates pharynx and larynx

159
Q

Palatopharyngeus

A

-origin: posterior border of hard palate & palatine aponeurosis
-insertion: posterior border of thyroid cartilage
-innervated by branches of pharyngeal plexus
-elevates pharynx superiorly, anteriorly and medially

160
Q

Salpingopharyngeus

A

-origin: inferior/cartilaginous part of auditory tube
-insertion: blends with palatopharyngeus muscle
-innervated by branches of pharyngeal plexus
-elevated pharynx, opens auditory tube during swallowing

161
Q

Larynx location

A

-extends from the laryngopharynx to the trachea
-lies anterior to C4-C6

162
Q

Laryngeal vestibule

A

-portion of larynx that lies above the vocal folds

163
Q

Infraglottic cavity

A

-portion of larynx that lies below the vocal folds

164
Q

Pieces of cartilage of the larynx

A

-thyroid cartilage
-epiglottis
-cricoid cartilage
-arytenoid cartilage
-corniculate cartilage
-cuneiform cartilage

165
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

-prominence is adams apple
-composed of 2 fused plates of hyaline cartilage that form anterior and lateral walls of larynx

166
Q

Epiglottis

A

-leaf shaped elastic cartilage
-can move up and down like a trap door
-prevents food and liquids from entering rima glottidis

167
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

-ring of hyaline cartilage that forms inferior wall of larynx
-attached to tracheal cartilage by criocotracheal ligament

168
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A

-paired
-triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage

169
Q

Corniculate cartilages

A

-paired
-horn shaped pieces of elastic cartilage located at the apex of each arytenoid cartilage

170
Q

Cuneiform cartilages

A

-paired
-club shaped pieces of elastic cartilage located anterior to the corniculate cartilages

171
Q

2 folds formed from mucous membrane of larynx

A

-vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
-vocal folds (true vocal cords)

172
Q

Superior vestibular folds function

A

-aid in holding breath against the pressure in the thoracic cavity

173
Q

Rima vestibuli

A

-space between vestibular folds and vocal folds

174
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

-cricothyroid
-thyroarytenoid
-lateral cricoarytenoid
-posterior cricoarytenoid
-transverse arytenoid
-oblique arytenoid
-thyroepiglottic muscle
-aryepiglottic muscles
-vocalis muscle

175
Q

Cricothyroid

A

-attachment: anterior border of thyroid cartilage
-elongates and places tension on vocal folds
-innervated by external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
-also receives cross-innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

176
Q

Thyroarytenoid

A

-attachment: base and anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage of larynx
-shortens and relaxes vocal folds
-innervated by recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

177
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid

A

-attachment: anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage of larynx
-brings vocal folds together, thus closing the rima glottidis
-innervated by recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

178
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid

A

-attachment: posterior surface of arytenoid cartilage of larynx
-moves the vocal folds apart, thus opening the rima glottidis
-innervated by recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

179
Q

Transverse arytenoid

A

-attachment: corresponding parts of opposite arytenoid cartilage of larynx
-closes the posterior portion of rima glottidis
-innervated by recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

180
Q

Oblique arytenoid

A

-attachment: apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage
-regulates the size of the inlet of the larynx
-innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

181
Q

Thyroepiglottic muscle

A

-attachment: apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage
-regulates the size of the inlet of the larynx
-innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

182
Q

Aryepiglottic muscles

A

-attachment: originate at the apex of the arytenoids and insert at lateral border of epiglottis
-works with thyroepiglottic muscle to close laryngeal inlet
-innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

183
Q

Vocalis muscle

A

-attachment: lateral surface of vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
-assists in controlling and changing the tonal quality of the voice
-innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

184
Q

Anterior triangle of the neck

A

-from midline of neck to sternocleidomastoid and body of mandible

185
Q

4 divisions of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

-submandibular
-submental
-carotid
-muscular

186
Q

Posterior triangle of the neck

A

-bordered by sternocleidomastoid, trapezius and clavicle

187
Q

Divisions of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

-supraclavicular
-occipital

188
Q

Lateral border of the submandibular triangle

A

-posterior belly of digastric

189
Q

Superior border of the submandibular triangle

A

-inferior border of mandible

190
Q

Medial border of submandibular triangle

A

-anterior midline of neck

191
Q

Posterior border of submandibular triangle

A

-posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscles

192
Q

Anterior border of submandibular triangle

A

-anterior belly of digastric muscle

193
Q

Roof of submandibular triangle

A

-skin, fascia etc

194
Q

Floor of submandibular triangle

A

-mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles

195
Q

Contents of the submandibular triangle

A

-submandibular glands
-lymph nodes
-facial artery and vein
-etc

196
Q

Lateral border of the submental triangle

A

-anterior belly of digastric muscle

197
Q

Inferior border of submental triangle

A

-hyoid bone

198
Q

Superior border of submental triangle

A

-mandibular symphysis

199
Q

Floor of submental triangle

A

-mylohyoid muscle

200
Q

Contents of submental triangle

A

-submental veins
-submental lymph nodes

201
Q

Superior border of muscular triangle

A

-hyoid bone

202
Q

Superolateral border of muscular triangle

A

-superior belly of omohyoid muscle

203
Q

Inferolateral border of muscular triangle

A

-sternocleidomastoid muscle

204
Q

Base of muscular triangle

A

-median line of neck

205
Q

Apex of muscular triangle

A

-junction of sternocleidomastoid and superior belly of omohyoid muscles

206
Q

Contents of muscular triangle

A

-infrahyoid muscles
-thyroid gland
-parathyroid gland
-etc

207
Q

Anterior border of carotid triangle

A

-superior belly of omohyoid muscle

208
Q

Superior border of carotid triangle

A

-posterior belly of digastric muscle

209
Q

Posterior border of carotid triangle

A

-anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle

210
Q

Floor of carotid triangle

A

-thyrohyoid, hyoglossus, middle and inferior constrictors of pharynx muscles

211
Q

Contents of carotid triangle

A

-carotid sheath
-internal jugular vein
-vagus nerve
-deep cervical lymph nodes

212
Q

Ansa cervicalis

A

-formed by branches of spinal nerves C1-C3
-runs through anterior part of carotid sheath and gives off several motor branches to infrahyoid muscles

213
Q

Superior border of supraclavicular triangle

A

-inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

214
Q

Anterior border of supraclavicular triangle

A

-sternocleidomastoid muscle

215
Q

Inferior border of supraclavicular triangle

216
Q

Floor of supraclavicular triangle

A

-anterior and middle scalene muscles

217
Q

Contents of supraclavicular triangle

A

-subclavian artery
-transverse cervical artery
-brachial plexus
-etc

218
Q

Anterior border of occipital triangle

A

-posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle

219
Q

Posterior border of occipital triangle

A

-trapezius muscle

220
Q

Inferior border of occipital triangle

A

-inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

221
Q

Floor of occipital triangle

A

-levator scapulae, middle scalene and splenius capitis muscles

222
Q

Contents of occipital triangle

A

-occipital artery
-accessory nerve
-brachial plexus
-etc

223
Q

Digastric muscle

A

-double bellied muscle that depresses the mandible and opens the mouth
-origin: digastric fossa and mastoid notch
-insertion: hyoid bone

224
Q

Mylohyoid

A

-true diaphragm of the floor of the mouth
-origin: mylohyoid line
-insertion: body of hyoid bone
-innervated by alveolar division of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

225
Q

Common carotid artery bifurcations

A

-internal carotid artery
-external carotid artery

226
Q

Branches of the external carotid artery

A

-superior and inferior thyroid arteries and veins
-facial artery

227
Q

Carotid sheath structures

A

-common carotid artery
-internal and external carotid arteries
-internal jugular vein
-cranial nerves
-sympathetic plexus of nerves
-deep cervical lymph nodes

228
Q

Carotid sheath function

A

-separate and help protect vital structures within it

229
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

-temporalis
-medial pterygoid muscle
-lateral pterygoid muscle
-masseter

230
Q

Temporalis

A

-origin: temporal fossa
-insertion: apex and medial surface of coronoid process of mandible
-anterior fibres elevate mandible and posterior fibres retract it
-innervated by deep temporal branches of mandibular nerve

231
Q

Medial pterygoid muscle

A

-origin: maxillary tuberosity & pyramidal process of palatine bone & lateral plate of pterygoid process
-innervated by branches of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
-protrusion, elevation, medial movement of mandible

232
Q

Lateral pterygoid muscle

A

-origin: infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid & lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
-insertion: neck of mandible
-innervated by branches of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
-protrusion, depression, medial movement of mandible

233
Q

Masseter

A

-origin: maxillary process of zygomatic bone &b inferior border of zygomatic arch
-insertion: lateral surface of ramus & angle of mandible
-innervated by masseteric nerve of mandibular nerve
-elevates and protrudes mandible

234
Q

Groups of facial expression

A

-buccolabial group
-orbital group
-nasal group
-muscles of cranium and neck

235
Q

Buccolabial group

A

-levator labii superioris
-levator anguli oris
-zygomaticus minor
-zygomaticus major

236
Q

Orbital group

A

-orbicularis oculi
-orbicularis oris

237
Q

Nasal group

A

-nasalis
-procerus

238
Q

What part of the eye is responsible for high resolution, colour vision

A

-macula/fovea centralis

239
Q

Flow of tears

A
  1. lacrimal gland
  2. excretory lacrimal ducts
  3. superior or inferior lacrimal canaliculi
  4. lacrimal sac
  5. nasolacrimal duct
  6. nasal cavity
240
Q

Parts of the nasal septum

A

-perpendicular plate of ethmoid
-septal nasal cartilage
-vomer

241
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

-maxillary
-frontal
-ethmoidal
-sphenoidal

242
Q

Openings of the paranasal sinus

A

-superior meatus
-middle meatus
-inferior meatus

243
Q

What type of fluid does the outer bony labyrinth contain

A

-perilymph

244
Q

What type of fluid does the inner membranous labyrinth contain

A

-endolymph

245
Q

Parts of the external nose

A

-nasal bone
-upper lateral cartilage
-lower lateral cartilage

246
Q

Muscles of the floor of the mouth

A

-mylohyoid
-geniohyoid
-stylohyoid
-digastric

247
Q

Taste sensation of the tongue is controlled by what nerves

A

-vagus
-glossopharyngeal
-facial

248
Q

Somatic sensation of the tongue is controlled by what nerves

A

-vagus
-glossopharyngeal
-lingual

249
Q

Membranes of the larynx

A

-thyrohyoid membrane
-triangular membrane
-quadrangular membrane

250
Q

Rima glottidis

A

-space in between vocal folds

251
Q

Scalene muscles of the neck

A

-scalenus anterior
-scalenus medius
-scalenus posterior

252
Q

Muscles of the scalp

A

-occipitofrontalis

253
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

-omohyoid
-thyrohyoid
-sternothyroid
-sternohyoid

254
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

-origin: superior nuchal line of occipital bone
-insertion: lambdoid suture
-innervated by facial nerve
-retracts the scalp

255
Q

Platysma

A

-origin: shoulder region of the neck
-insertion: mandible
-innervated by facial nerve
-open mouth and lower corners of lower lip

256
Q

Smiling muscle

257
Q

Anterior aperture of the nasal cavity

258
Q

Posterior aperture of the nasal cavity

A

-nasopharynx

259
Q

Superior aperture of the nasal cavity

A

-cribriform plate

260
Q

Inferior aperture of the nasal cavity

A

-incisive canal

261
Q

Posterosuperior aperture of the nasal cavity

A

-sphenopalatine foramen

262
Q

Olfactory region of the nasal cavity

A

-cribriform plate
-olfactory epithelium and receptors

263
Q

Respiratory region of the nasal cavity

A

-nasal concha
-meatuses
-sphenoethmoidal reces

264
Q

Superior meatus openings

A

-posterior ethmoidal sinus

265
Q

Middle meatus openings

A

-frontal sinus
-maxillary sinus
-anterior and middle ethmoidal sinus

266
Q

Inferior meatus openings

A

-nasal lacrimal duct

ANAT 316 (4 decks)

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