Chapter Three

Question 1

Lipid

Answer 1

True Fats and Oils as well as fat like compounds

Question 1

Lipoids

Answer 1

Fatlike Compound

Question 2

Sterols

Answer 2

Fatlike Compound

Question 3

Insoluble

Answer 3

Does not combine, when mixed together, separates easily

Question 4

Glycerol

Answer 4

The backbone of a fat molecule

Question 5

Fatty Acid

Answer 5

Composed of a chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen and a few oxygen atoms attached

Question 6

Monoglyceride

Answer 6

A single fatty acid joined to a glycerol molecule

Question 7

Diglyceride

Answer 7

Two fatty acids are joined to a glycerol molecule

Question 8

Saturated Fatty Acid

Answer 8

Filled with as many hydrogen atoms as the carbon atoms can bond with and has no double bonds between carbons

Question 9

Double Bond

Answer 9

Describes the type of chemical connection between two neighboring carbon atoms, each lacking one hydrogen atom

Question 10

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Answer 10

The carbon atoms are joined together by one of more of these double bonds

Question 11

Monounsaturated

Answer 11

A fatty acid with only one carbon-to-carbon double bond

Question 12

Polyunsaturated

Answer 12

A fatty acid with more than one carbon-to-carbon bond

Question 13

Hydrogenation

Answer 13

The process of adding hydrogen to a fat

Question 14

Trans-Fatty Acids

Answer 14

Produced by the partial hydrogenation of unsaturated vegetable oil

Question 15

Prostaglandins

Answer 15

Compounds with extensive hormone-like actions - require arachidonic acid for synthesis

Question 16

Major Functions of Fats in the Body:

Answer 16

1 Supply fuel to most tissues
2 Function as an energy reserve
3 Lubricate body tissues
4 Support and protect vital organs
5 Insulate the body
6 Form an integral part of cell membranes
7 Serve as a carrier for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Question 17

Fuel Supply

Answer 17

Fat serves as a fuel that supplies body tissues with needed energy

Question 18

Fuel Reserve

Answer 18

Fat functions as the body’s main fuel for energy reserve.

Question 19

Lubrication

Answer 19

Fats lubricate body tissues

Question 20

Organ Protection

Answer 20

Fatty tissue cushions and protects vital organs by providing a supportive fat pad that absorbs mechanical shocks

Question 21

Insulation

Answer 21

Helps to insulate the body by protecting it from excessive heat or cold

Question 22

Cell Membrane Structure

Answer 22

Plays vital role in drug, nutrient, and metabolite transport. Provides a barrier against water - soluble substances

Question 23

Carrier for Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Answer 23

Fat Soluble Vitamins A, D, E, K and Carotenoids

Question 24

Cholesterol

Answer 24

Not a true fat but belongs to a group called "sterols"

Question 25

Cholesterol Functions:

Answer 25

1 A component of bile salts that aid digestion 2 An essential component of all cell membranes 3 Found in brain and nerve tissue and in the blood 4 A precursor for the production of steroid hormones

Question 26

What hormones is cholesterol needed to help produce?

Answer 26

- Cortisone - Adrenaline - Estrogen - Testosterone

Question 27

Hormone

Answer 27

A substance produced by the endocrine glands and secreted directly into the bloodstream