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Nutrition 1 > Chapter Six > Flashcards

Chapter Six Flashcards

1
Q

What Vitamins are Fat-Soluble?

A

Vitamin A D E and K

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2
Q

Vitamin

A

Organic substances needed by the body in small amounts for normal metabolism, growth, and maintenance

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3
Q

Coenzyme

A

Substances that activate enzymes

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4
Q

DRIs

A

Dietary Reference intakes

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5
Q

International Units (IUs)

A

A dosage amount that still appears on some labels

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6
Q

Vitamin A

A

Comes in two forms -
Retinol and Provitamin A

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7
Q

Where is provitamin A found?

A

Beta-carotene and carotenoids

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8
Q

Preformed Vitamin

A

Already in a complete state in ingested foods

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9
Q

Provitamin

A

Requires conversion in the body to be in a complete state

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10
Q

Precursor

A

A substances from which another substance is derived

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11
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin A?

A
  • Vision
  • Maintaining Epithelial Tissue
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Contributes to blood formation
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12
Q

Retina

A

The light sensitive layer at the back of the eye

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13
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Light rays travel turn into electrical impulses that travel along this to the back of the brain

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14
Q

Rhodopsin

A

Retinal Chemical - The body can only synthesize this if it has an appropriate supply of Vitamin A

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15
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Covers the body and lines the organs and passageways that open to the outside of the body.

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16
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Large cell responsible for the synthesis and mineralization of bone during both bone formation and eventually bone remodeling

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17
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling and mediate bone loss in pathological conditions by increasing their resorptive activity.

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18
Q

Xerophthalmia

A

Abnormal thickening and drying of the outer surface of the eye - can lead to blindness if left untreated

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19
Q

Megadosing

A

When somebody takes 10x the recommended daily allowance of a vitamin or mineral

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20
Q

Where is provitamin Vitamin A found?

A
  • Animal Foods (highest in liver, fish liver oils, other organ meats)
  • Egg yolks
  • Fish
  • Fortified Milk Products
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21
Q

The body converts the provitamin A carotenoids present in fruits and vegetables to retinol. What color are those?

A

Yellow, Orange, and Red brightly colored fruits and cooked yellow tubers and dark green leafy greens

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22
Q

Carotene

A

Yellow pigment found mostly in fruits and vegetables, readily visible in yellow and orange foods

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23
Q

Carotenemia

A

Carotene can be consumed to excess causing the persons skin to become yellow similar to jaundice

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24
Q

Hypervitaminosis A

A

Vitamin A Toxicity (single dose of 50,000IU of Vitamin A)

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25
Q

Ataxia

A

Loss of control of the arms and legs

26
Q

Vitamin D

A

Known to be essential for bone growth, targets more than 200 human genes in a wide variety of tissues

27
Q

Ergocalciferol

A

Formed when ergodterol (provitamin) in plants is irradiated by sunlight

28
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

Formed when 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin of animals or humans is irradiated by UV light or sunlight

29
Q

Calcidiol

A

Liver alters the vitamin to this which is an inactive form of Vit D

30
Q

Main Function of Vitamin D?

A

Bone Metabolism

31
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

Secreted in response to a low serum calcium level

32
Q

Rickets

A

Vitamin D deficiency in children which causes soft bones and skeletal deformities

33
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Vitamin D deficiency in adults, occurs most often in women w ho hav insufficient calcium intake and little sunlight exposure.
Occurs frequently among those who are pregnant or lactating.

34
Q

Tetany

A

A condition marked by intermittent muscle spasms, caused by calcium deficiency

35
Q

Anabolism

A

Bone formation

36
Q

What is the recommended daily amount for Calcium and Vitamin D?

A

Calcium: 1,000mg per Day
Vitamin D: 400IU per Day

37
Q

What are the manifestations of Hypervitaminosis D?

A

Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Polyuria
Muscular Weakness
Constipation

38
Q

What is the primary site of absorption of vitamin E?

A

In the jejunum

39
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Choline (which is not a vitamin)

40
Q

Where is Vitamin C absorbed?

A

It is absorbed from the small intestine

41
Q

What functions does vitamin C have in the body?

A
  • Collagen synthesis
  • Antioxidant
  • Iron Absorption Facilitator
  • Is found in the Adrenal Gland
  • Has been found to help reduce duration of colds
42
Q

What vitamins are antioxidants?

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin E

43
Q

Vitamin K is important for what?

A

Blood Clotting

44
Q

What happens when you are vitamin K deficient?

A

Your blood is not clotting correctly

45
Q

What vitamins are dissolvable in water?

A

Vitamin C (or ascorbic acid)
B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vit b6, vit 12)
Pantothenic acid
Biotin
Choline (not actually a vitamin)

46
Q

What function does Vit C have?

A

Contributes to wound burn and fracture healing, serves as an antioxidant, enhances absorption of iron, assists in synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters

47
Q

Collagen

A

Strong fibrous protein in connective tissues

48
Q

Ferrous

A

The more absorbable form of iron

49
Q

Megadosing

A

taking 10 times the recommended daily allowance of something

50
Q

Where is the highest concentration of Vit C found?

A

The Adrenal Glands

51
Q

What does vit C help synthesize?

A

Norepinephrine and Serotonin

52
Q

When you are Vit C deficient what disease do you have?

A

Scurvy

53
Q

What are symptoms for niacin deficiency?

A

4 D’s:
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death

54
Q

Beriberi

A

The deficiency caused by a lack of thiamin

55
Q

Dry Beriberi

A

Seen mostly in adults with chronic low thiamin intake, especially if coupled with high carb intake.

Signs:
muscle weakness/wasting (lower extremities) symmetrical sensory and motor conduction problems affecting distal limbs

56
Q

Wet Beriberi

A

Involves the cardiovascular system, can result in heart failure

57
Q

Infantile Beriberi

A

Client presents acutely with rapidly progressing encephalopathy, seizures, and premature death. Thiamin deficiency in infants happens most commonly w/ infants who are BF by others who are thiamin deficient

58
Q

Megablastic anemia

A

New red blood cells are very large, but less of them, causing anemia

59
Q

Wernicke Encephalopathy

A

A neuro disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, display many motor and sensory deficits, often involving eye muscles, balance, and memory.

60
Q

Korsakoff Psychosis

A

Characterized by anemia and impaired conceptual functions

61
Q

Vitamin B9

A

Folate Acid

62
Q

What destroys folate?

A

Heat
Oxidation
UV light
Acids

Nutrition 1 (7 decks)

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