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Nutrition 1 > Chapter Six > Flashcards

Chapter Six Flashcards

1
Q

What Vitamins are Fat-Soluble?

A

Vitamin A D E and K

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2
Q

Vitamin

A

Organic substances needed by the body in small amounts for normal metabolism, growth, and maintenance

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3
Q

Coenzyme

A

Substances that activate enzymes

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4
Q

DRIs

A

Dietary Reference intakes

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5
Q

International Units (IUs)

A

A dosage amount that still appears on some labels

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6
Q

Vitamin A

A

Comes in two forms -
Retinol and Provitamin A

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7
Q

Where is provitamin A found?

A

Beta-carotene and carotenoids

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8
Q

Preformed Vitamin

A

Already in a complete state in ingested foods

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9
Q

Provitamin

A

Requires conversion in the body to be in a complete state

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10
Q

Precursor

A

A substances from which another substance is derived

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11
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin A?

A
  • Vision
  • Maintaining Epithelial Tissue
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Contributes to blood formation
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12
Q

Retina

A

The light sensitive layer at the back of the eye

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13
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Light rays travel turn into electrical impulses that travel along this to the back of the brain

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14
Q

Rhodopsin

A

Retinal Chemical - The body can only synthesize this if it has an appropriate supply of Vitamin A

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15
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Covers the body and lines the organs and passageways that open to the outside of the body.

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16
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Large cell responsible for the synthesis and mineralization of bone during both bone formation and eventually bone remodeling

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17
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling and mediate bone loss in pathological conditions by increasing their resorptive activity.

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18
Q

Xerophthalmia

A

Abnormal thickening and drying of the outer surface of the eye - can lead to blindness if left untreated

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19
Q

Megadosing

A

When somebody takes 10x the recommended daily allowance of a vitamin or mineral

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20
Q

Where is provitamin Vitamin A found?

A
  • Animal Foods (highest in liver, fish liver oils, other organ meats)
  • Egg yolks
  • Fish
  • Fortified Milk Products
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21
Q

The body converts the provitamin A carotenoids present in fruits and vegetables to retinol. What color are those?

A

Yellow, Orange, and Red brightly colored fruits and cooked yellow tubers and dark green leafy greens

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22
Q

Carotene

A

Yellow pigment found mostly in fruits and vegetables, readily visible in yellow and orange foods

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23
Q

Carotenemia

A

Carotene can be consumed to excess causing the persons skin to become yellow similar to jaundice

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24
Q

Hypervitaminosis A

A

Vitamin A Toxicity (single dose of 50,000IU of Vitamin A)

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25
Ataxia
Loss of control of the arms and legs
26
Vitamin D
Known to be essential for bone growth, targets more than 200 human genes in a wide variety of tissues
27
Ergocalciferol
Formed when ergodterol (provitamin) in plants is irradiated by sunlight
28
Cholecalciferol
Formed when 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin of animals or humans is irradiated by UV light or sunlight
29
Calcidiol
Liver alters the vitamin to this which is an inactive form of Vit D
30
Main Function of Vitamin D?
Bone Metabolism
31
Parathyroid Hormone
Secreted in response to a low serum calcium level
32
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency in children which causes soft bones and skeletal deformities
33
Osteomalacia
Vitamin D deficiency in adults, occurs most often in women w ho hav insufficient calcium intake and little sunlight exposure. Occurs frequently among those who are pregnant or lactating.
34
Tetany
A condition marked by intermittent muscle spasms, caused by calcium deficiency
35
Anabolism
Bone formation
36
What is the recommended daily amount for Calcium and Vitamin D?
Calcium: 1,000mg per Day Vitamin D: 400IU per Day
37
What are the manifestations of Hypervitaminosis D?
Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Polyuria Muscular Weakness Constipation
38
What is the primary site of absorption of vitamin E?
In the jejunum
39
What are the water soluble vitamins?
Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Choline (which is not a vitamin)
40
Where is Vitamin C absorbed?
It is absorbed from the small intestine
41
What functions does vitamin C have in the body?
- Collagen synthesis - Antioxidant - Iron Absorption Facilitator - Is found in the Adrenal Gland - Has been found to help reduce duration of colds
42
What vitamins are antioxidants?
Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin E
43
Vitamin K is important for what?
Blood Clotting
44
What happens when you are vitamin K deficient?
Your blood is not clotting correctly
45
What vitamins are dissolvable in water?
Vitamin C (or ascorbic acid) B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vit b6, vit 12) Pantothenic acid Biotin Choline (not actually a vitamin)
46
What function does Vit C have?
Contributes to wound burn and fracture healing, serves as an antioxidant, enhances absorption of iron, assists in synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters
47
Collagen
Strong fibrous protein in connective tissues
48
Ferrous
The more absorbable form of iron
49
Megadosing
taking 10 times the recommended daily allowance of something
50
Where is the highest concentration of Vit C found?
The Adrenal Glands
51
What does vit C help synthesize?
Norepinephrine and Serotonin
52
When you are Vit C deficient what disease do you have?
Scurvy
53
What are symptoms for niacin deficiency?
4 D's: Diarrhea Dermatitis Dementia Death
54
Beriberi
The deficiency caused by a lack of thiamin
55
Dry Beriberi
Seen mostly in adults with chronic low thiamin intake, especially if coupled with high carb intake. Signs: muscle weakness/wasting (lower extremities) symmetrical sensory and motor conduction problems affecting distal limbs
56
Wet Beriberi
Involves the cardiovascular system, can result in heart failure
57
Infantile Beriberi
Client presents acutely with rapidly progressing encephalopathy, seizures, and premature death. Thiamin deficiency in infants happens most commonly w/ infants who are BF by others who are thiamin deficient
58
Megablastic anemia
New red blood cells are very large, but less of them, causing anemia
59
Wernicke Encephalopathy
A neuro disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, display many motor and sensory deficits, often involving eye muscles, balance, and memory.
60
Korsakoff Psychosis
Characterized by anemia and impaired conceptual functions
61
Vitamin B9
Folate Acid
62
What destroys folate?
Heat Oxidation UV light Acids

Nutrition 1 (7 decks)

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