Chapter thirteen - Agricultural and social developments in the countryside Flashcards
What happened to grain procurement?
It more than doubled
1928 - 10.8 m/tonne
1933 - 22.6 m/tonne
What happened to grain exports?
It increased between 1928 and 33 by 576%
How far was collectivisation by 1939?
90% collectivised
How many machine tractor stations were created?
2500
What was the death toll of the 1932 - 34 famine?
7 million?
How much livestock was slaughtered?
25 - 30%
When did they achieve 100% collectivisation?
1941
How many industrial workers were sent to the countryside?
25,000
How many kulaks were shot?
21,000
How many kulaks were deported
1.8 million
How many kulaks were there?
They made up less than 4% of the peasant population
What was a kolkoz?
Combined small individual farms together - each containing around 75 families. Had to provide a high quota of up to 40% to the State, and remaining goods or profit was shared according to their number of labour days. Prevented from leaving through a system of internal passports. Under the control of a communist party member
What was a sovkoz?
This was seen as the ideal form of farming and peasants were paid a wage directly by the state. Organised according to industrial principles for specialised large-scale production. Most farms were the kolkhoz type.
How was agriculture done mechanically?
By 1938, 95% threshing, 72% ploughing, 57% spring sowing and 48% of harvesting was carried out mechanically.
What was the limit on transportation?
By the end of 1938, there were only 196,000 lorries being used in Soviet agriculture compared with over a million in the USA
