Chapter thirteen - Agricultural and social developments in the countryside

Question 1

What happened to grain procurement?

Answer 1

It more than doubled
1928 - 10.8 m/tonne
1933 - 22.6 m/tonne

Question 2

What happened to grain exports?

Answer 2

It increased between 1928 and 33 by 576%

Question 3

How far was collectivisation by 1939?

Answer 3

90% collectivised

Question 4

How many machine tractor stations were created?

Answer 4

2500

Question 5

What was the death toll of the 1932 - 34 famine?

Answer 5

7 million?

Question 6

How much livestock was slaughtered?

Answer 6

25 - 30%

Question 7

When did they achieve 100% collectivisation?

Answer 7

1941

Question 8

How many industrial workers were sent to the countryside?

Answer 8

25,000

Question 9

How many kulaks were shot?

Answer 9

21,000

Question 10

How many kulaks were deported

Answer 10

1.8 million

Question 11

How many kulaks were there?

Answer 11

They made up less than 4% of the peasant population

Question 12

What was a kolkoz?

Answer 12

Combined small individual farms together - each containing around 75 families. Had to provide a high quota of up to 40% to the State, and remaining goods or profit was shared according to their number of labour days. Prevented from leaving through a system of internal passports. Under the control of a communist party member

Question 13

What was a sovkoz?

Answer 13

This was seen as the ideal form of farming and peasants were paid a wage directly by the state. Organised according to industrial principles for specialised large-scale production. Most farms were the kolkhoz type.

Question 14

How was agriculture done mechanically?

Answer 14

By 1938, 95% threshing, 72% ploughing, 57% spring sowing and 48% of harvesting was carried out mechanically.

Question 15

What was the limit on transportation?

Answer 15

By the end of 1938, there were only 196,000 lorries being used in Soviet agriculture compared with over a million in the USA

Question 16

How many peasants died as a result of resistance?

Answer 16

10 million.
By 1939 - 19 million peasants had migrated to towns

Question 17

What were crimes on the collective farms?

Answer 17

August 1932 - anyone who stole from a collective could be jailed for 10 years. Further decrees gave ten year sentences to anyone who tried to sell grain before quotas were filled

Question 18

Private plots?

Answer 18

Peasants only cared about their private plots and sold food on the market place. Desperation for food meant that this illegal practise continued. 52% vegetables, 70% meat and 71% milk was produced this way by the late 1930s.