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Biology > Chapter Six: Classification - Invertebrates > Flashcards

Chapter Six: Classification - Invertebrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Three Types of Symmetry

A
  1. Asymmetrical: no particular symmetry
  2. Radial symmetry: circular organization, bisect on any plane
  3. Bilateral symmetry: left and right halves, mirror image sides
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2
Q

Three Germ Layers

A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. Endoderm
  3. Mesoderm
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3
Q

Three Types of Body Symmetry

A
  1. Acoelomate: no body cavity, solid body (no germ layers)
  2. Psuedocoelomate: three germ layers, cavity partially lined with mesoderm
  3. Coelomate: three germ layers, mesoderm covering inner body cavity
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4
Q

Budding

A

Asexual reproduction; outgrowth of the parent breaks off and forms a new individual

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5
Q

Hermaphrodite

A

Both sexes in one individual; has both egg and sperm

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6
Q

Internal Fertilization

A

Occurs interiorly within the female

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7
Q

External Fertilization

A

Occurs outside the organism

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8
Q

Circulation of Porifera

A
  • water enters in through pores, circulates throughout body
  • choanocytes trap and digest food
  • food absorbed and transported by amoebocytes
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9
Q

Structure and Function of a Choanocyte

A
  • flagellated cell with collar cell

- Filter feeder - beats and pulls in food from circulating water

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10
Q

Types of Sponges and their Spicules (3)

A

Spicules as as a skeleton

  1. Glass Sponges: silica
  2. Chalk Sponges: calcium carbonate
  3. Proteinacous Sponges: Spongin fibres
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11
Q

Amoebocyte

A

Found in middle layer of sponge wall. Picks up food from choanocytes and distributes throughout sponge.

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12
Q

Role of a Gastrovascular Cavity in Digestion

A

Sac-like cavity with one opening; food enters and is digested. Digested food absorbed by diffusion.

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13
Q

Three Cell Layers in Cnidaria

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Gastrodermis
  3. Mesoglea
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14
Q

Nematocyst

A

Coiled stinger used to shoot and paralyze prey. Found in Cnidaria

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15
Q

Two basic body forms of Cnidaria

A
  1. Polyps

2. Medusae

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16
Q

Why are jellyfish, coral, and hydrozoans in the same phylum?

A

Life cycles alternate between two forms: medusae in jellyfish, polyp in coral, both in hydra

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17
Q

Main Features of Platyhelminthes (3)

A
  • bilateral symmetry
  • three germ layers
  • acoelomate
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18
Q

Three Layers of Platyhelminthes

A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. Mesoderm
  3. Endoderm
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19
Q

Nervous System of Cnidarians

A

Diffuse nerve net: no central nervous system, all nerves interconnected

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20
Q

Three Classes of Platyheminthes

A
  1. Tapeworms
  2. Planarians
  3. Flukes
21
Q

Flame Cell

A

Removes waste to excretory pores. Found in playheminthes

22
Q

Life Cycle of a Liver Fluke

A
  1. Eggs pass out in human feces and enters snail
  2. Larva burrows into fish muscle
  3. Fish eaten by humans and larva grows to adult in bile duct
23
Q

Role of a Cyst in Endoparasites

A

Calcium shell that protects parasite from being destroyed by host.

24
Q

How does a tapeworm attach to a host’s intestine?

A
  • scolex attaches to host in intestine

- feeds on host’s digestive food

25
Q

Nervous System of Platyheminthes

A

Ladder-like nervous system: anterior ganglia and eyespots (chemosensitive)

26
Q

Life Cycle of a Tapeworm

A
  1. Host eats fertilized egg

2. Hatches in its intestine and produces proglottid that leaves through feces

27
Q

Three Classes Of Phylum Mollusca

A
  1. Bivalve
  2. Gastropod
  3. Cephlopod
28
Q

Locomotion in Mollusca

A
  1. Flat foot: Gastropod
  2. Hatchet foot: Bivalve
  3. Jet propulsion: Cephlopod
29
Q

Radula

A

Found in cephlopods; calcified rasping organ used for feeding.

30
Q

Mollusca Respiration

A
  1. Gills

2. Lung-like mantle (terrestrial gastropods)

31
Q

Mollusca Reproduction

A

Separate sexes, produces trochophore larva (bivalves)

32
Q

Mollusca Nervous Systems (3)

A
  1. Brain and Nerves: cephlopods
  2. Three Separate Ganglia: bivalves
  3. Cerebral Ganglia (long nerve ending): gastropods
33
Q

Bivalve Digestion

A

Filter feeders: water enters through incurrent siphon, which moves water in spout of individual

34
Q

Three Classes of Annelida

A
  1. Earthworms
  2. Leeches
  3. Marine worms
35
Q

Nephridia

A

Excretory tube found in annelids

36
Q

Parapodia

A

Paired appendage found in each segment of an annelid

37
Q

Setae

A

Locomotive organ used to move through ground in annelids

38
Q

Digestion in Annelids

A
  • food enters through mouth by muscular movement
  • typhosole: digestion over large surface area
  • typhosole expands and contracts on dorsal surface of intestine
39
Q

Circulation in Annelids

A
  • closed circulatory system with five hearts
  • moves anteriorly over dorsal vessel
  • heart pumps blood through ventral blood vessel, branching off as it moves anteriorly, then posteriorly
40
Q

Four Main Features of Arthropoda

A
  1. Jointed Appendages
  2. Exoskeleton of chitin
  3. Three body regions
  4. Well-developed nervous system
41
Q

Features of the Head of Arthropoda

A
  • compound eyes, 5 pairs of appendages

- 2 antennae 3 mouth parts

42
Q

Features of the Thorax of Arthropoda

A
  • 5 appendages: walking legs

- 1st appendage a claw

43
Q

Features of the Abdomen of Arthropoda

A
  • swimmerets

- last two segments have uropod and telson

44
Q

Digestion of Arthropoda

A
  • 2 part stomach

- green glands for waste excretion

45
Q

Vascular System of Arthropoda

A

-heart pumps blood with hemocyanin into hemocoel

46
Q

Reproduction of Arthropoda

A
  • separate sexes
  • sperm transfer by first pair of swimmerets
  • ovaries open at base of third walking legs
  • eggs attach to swimmerets of female
47
Q

General External Features of a Grasshopper (3)

A
  • Head: compound eyes, antennae, mouthparts
  • Thorax: 3 pairs of legs, wings if present
  • Abdomen: contains internal organs
48
Q

How is a grasshopper’s reproduction adapted for terrestrial life? (4)

A
  • internal fertilization (protected)
  • female has seminal receptacles which store sperm; keeps from drying out
  • female deposits eggs into ground

Biology (8 decks)

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