Chapter seventeen: Population, urbanization, and the environment

Question 1

Scientific study of population, especially its growth and decline, as well as the movement of people

Answer 1

Demography

Question 2

People who research population dynamics

Answer 2

Demographers

Question 3

Global rate in 2018 was 2.4 births per woman

Answer 3

Fertility

Question 4

Death rate (number of deaths per 1,000 people)

Answer 4

Mortality

Question 5

Central part of globalization

Answer 5

Migration

Question 6

Better, safer life, high unemployment or jobs with low pay, religious or political persecution, famine, warfare, economic depression

Answer 6

Push factors

Question 7

(Of host country:) Liberal, peaceful nation, favorable immigration policies. Also, higher paying jobs, lower unemployment, stronger economy, greater availability of food, labor shortages, good educational system, strong social welfare system

Answer 7

Pull factors

Question 8

Migrants forced to leave their homeland or who leave involuntarily because they fear for their safety

Answer 8

Refugees

Question 9

Flee their home country, usually to escape political oppression or religious persecution

Answer 9

Asylum seekers

Question 10

Move from their home country to another country due to push and pull factors (higher-paying jobs)

Answer 10

Labor migrants

Question 11

Residing in a receiving country without valid authorization

Answer 11

Undocumented migrants

Question 12

Large, permanent, and spatially concentrated human settlements

Answer 12

Cities

Question 13

Process by which an increasing percentage of a society’s population comes to be located in relatively densely populated urban areas

Answer 13

Urbanization

Question 14

Communties surrounding a central city (economically and socially connected to the city but located outside of the city’s political boundaries)

Answer 14

Suburbs

Question 15

Process when large numbers of people move out of the city and into nearby, less densely populated environments

Answer 15

Suburbanization

Question 16

Historically deindustrialization (decline in manufacturing) led to a mass exodus of white populations from cities

Answer 16

White flight

Question 17

Exposure to pollutants due to race

Answer 17

Environmental racism

Question 18

Process in which real estate capital is reinvested in blighted inner-city areas to refurbish housing for upwardly mobile middle class

Answer 18

Gentrification

Question 19

Heat from the sun is not reflected back into the atmosphere, is trapped by greenhouse gases & radiated back onto the Earth. Leads to warmer temperatures

Answer 19

Global warming