Chapter R-review

Question 0

what are the two parts of a quantitative observation

Answer 0

a number and a scale (called a unit)

Question 1

measurement

Answer 1

quantitative observation

Question 2

what is the SI system?

Answer 2

le system international (international system) of measurements based on the metric system

Question 3

G =

Answer 3

giga, 1,000,000,000, 10^9

Question 4

mega =

Answer 4

M, 1,000,000, 10^6

Question 5

1,000 =

Answer 5

kilo, k, 10^3

Question 6

10^2 =

Answer 6

hecto, h, 100

Question 7

deka =

Answer 7

da, 10, 10^1

Question 8

d =

Answer 8

deci, 0.1, 10^-1

Question 9

0.01 =

Answer 9

centi, c, 10^-2

Question 10

10^-3 =

Answer 10

milli, m, 0.001

Question 11

micro =

Answer 11

“u”, 0.000001, 10^-6

Question 12

n =

Answer 12

nano, 0.000000001, 10^-9

Question 13

mass

Answer 13

a measure of the resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion

Question 14

weight

Answer 14

the force that gravity exerts on a given object

Question 15

the uncertainty of a measurement depends on?

Answer 15

the precision of the measuring device

Question 16

how do you indicate uncertainty in a measurement?

Answer 16

certain digits plus the first uncertain digit = sig figs

Question 17

what are sig figs

Answer 17

the certain figures plus the first uncertain one

Question 18

accuracy

Answer 18

refers to the agreement of a particular value with the true value

Question 19

precision

Answer 19

refers to the degree of agreement amoung several measurements of the same quality

Question 20

indeterminate error

Answer 20

random error, a measurement has equal probability of being high or low

Question 21

dimensional analysis

Answer 21

or “unit factor method” the metho of converting a given result from one system of units to another

Question 22

matter

Answer 22

anything occupying space and having mass

Question 23

three states of matter

Answer 23

solid, liquid, gas

Question 24

solid

Answer 24

rigid, with a fixed volume and shape

Question 25

liquid

Answer 25

fixed volume but will take shape of container

Question 26

gas

Answer 26

neither fixed volume nor shape, takes the shape and volume of the container

Question 27

mixture

Answer 27

a mixture has variable composition--being homogeneous or heterogeneous

Question 28

homogeneous

Answer 28

having no visibly distinguishable parts

Question 29

heterogeneous

Answer 29

having visibly distinguishable parts

Question 30

solution

Answer 30

a homogeneous mixture

Question 31

pure substance

Answer 31

one with constant composition; if it's on the table of elements, it's a pure element

Question 32

physical changes

Answer 32

phase change from solid-liquid etc

Question 33

distillation

Answer 33

a process of separating the components of a mixture that depends on a difference in volatility in the components

Question 34

filtration

Answer 34

method of separation that can be used if the mixture is a solid + liquid

Question 35

chromotography

Answer 35

a general name for a series of methods for separating mixtures by employing a system with a mobile phase and a stationary phase

Question 36

stationary phase

Answer 36

solid

Question 37

mobile phase

Answer 37

a liquid or gas

Question 38

paper chromatography

Answer 38

a strip of porous paper is used for the stationary phase, a drop of the mixture to be separated is placed on the paper which is then dipped into a liquid (the mobile phase) that travels up the paper

Question 39

compound

Answer 39

combination of one or more elements, constant composition

Question 40

chemical change

Answer 40

a given substance becomes a new substance or substances with different properties and composition