Chapter P16- Space Flashcards
How do planets orbit stars?
What are natural satellites and give an example?
What are artificial satellites and what are the two types?
What does gravity cause in space and what does this then cause?
What does this force always act towards?
What does the force of gravity cause?
What does this mean in what happens and what doesn’t happen?
What also changes if the speed of the orbiting object changes?
What happens when an object is moving away from an observer?
What does this therefore mean?
What is this called?
In nearly circular orbits
Natural objects that orbit planets (for example the moon)
Man made and either orbit the Earth or are sent to orbit other planets in our solar systems
Causes the centripetal force that keeps objects in orbit
Towards the center of the object that is being orbited
The direction the object is moving to change
Even though there’s no change in speed, there’s a change in velocity
The radius does too
The light from the object appears to have a longer wavelength than it would if it was stationary
It has moved towards the red end of the visible light spectrum
Red shift.
What are the three different factors of an object experiencing blue shift?
What are the three different factors of an object experiencing red shift?
What is the definition of what the big bang theory suggests?
What do most galaxies show?
What does this suggest?
What idea does the evidence of red shift support and what does this therefore then support?
What other concept supports the idea of an expanding universe?
- Source moving towards observer
- Wavelength decreasing
- Frequency increasing
- Source moving away from observer
- Wavelength increasing
- Frequency decreasing
That the universe began from a very small region that was extremely hot and dense
Red shift
That they are moving away from us
The idea that the universe is expanding, thereby supporting the big bang theory
The fact that the more distant a galaxy is from us the faster it is moving away from us.
What does our solar system consist of for the following:
Number of Stars
Planets
Dwarf Planets
Other Objects
1 star- the Sun
8 planets (in order): Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
Dwarf Planets (such as Ceres and Pluto)
Natural satellites and moons (such as our moon- the Moon).
What is our solar system part of and what is this?
What is a galaxy?
What are these called when they are collected together in groups?
What do all of these objects together make up?
What are stars formed from?
What causes the cloud to slowly contract towards its center?
What will then be the result of this and what is this called?
What happens as the star contracts and what will this result in?
What three things will then happen if the Protostar has enough mass?
How does this process happen?
What does this process generate and therefore what does this then result in?
What is the star called once the process of Fusion starts?
It’s part of the galaxy called the Milky Way
A collection of stars
Galaxy clusters
All other of the galaxies and other objects all form the Universe
Clouds of hydrogen gas
The force of gravity between all of the atoms
Results in a dense ball of hydrogen, called a Protostar
The gravitational potential energy of the gas is converted into Heat, warming the Protostar
The temperature and density at the core will be enough for Fusion to begin
The hydrogen atoms combining to form Helium
The process of Fusion in the core generates heat which further warms up the core and also warms up the outer layer of hydrogen
Main sequence star.
What then happens over time to the star because of the Fusion process?
What will the outer layer of the star still be composed of?
What happens as further time passes?
What two things can then be produced as a result?
What will Fusion then begin to generate?
What then happens if the mass of the star is small?
When is the mass of a star considered small?
What then causes the star to cool down and shrink in size?
What will it then shrink to?
What will it then cool to finally become?
The core becomes more and more composed of Helium rather than hydrogen
It will still be hydrogen
The hydrogen begins to run out
The star will expand to form a Red Giant or Red Super Giant
Heavier elements than Helium
The Fusion process of in the core will finally run out of atoms to process
When it’s up to 1.5 times the mass of our Sun
As less and less heat is generated in the core of the star
A White Dwarf
A Black Dwarf.
What happens after the Fusion process begins to produce heavier elements than Helium if the mass of the star is large?
What is this making of atoms up to in the periodic table?
What happens though once the star has began generating Iron?
What will therefore then happen and what is this called?
What does this process leave behind and what is this called?
What happens if the star is more than three times the mass of our Sun?
What happens to the star when a supernova occurs and what will this then result in?
What does this process then create?
What can this then create if big enough?
The Fusion process can continue to make large atoms
Up to Iron in the Periodic Table
The star will no longer be able to produce enough heat in the core to remain stable
The star will therefore explode in a supernova
This leaves behind a super dense Neutron Star
The supernova will leave behind a Black Hole
The outer part of the star (made of hydrogen) and part of the Core are spread out into space and will cool
A cloud of hydrogen gas
If big enough it can form a new star- starting the cycle again.
When does Fusion only occur in and when doesn’t this happen?
What happen to the process of Fusion the more massive the star?
What are the two factors for this?
What happens in generating heat via Fusion and what doesn’t happen to the star?
A stars core, no hydrogen is converted to Helium in the outer layer
The faster the process of Fusion works
Higher temperature and pressure in the core
The mass of the star stays roughly the same and a big star does not become a small star over time.
