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Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter One Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter One Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

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2
Q

Assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

A

Anabolism

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3
Q

Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

A

Anatomical position

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4
Q

Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures

A

Anatomy

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5
Q

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral

A

Anterior

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6
Q

Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity

A

Anterior cavity

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7
Q

Breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

A

Catabolism

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8
Q

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as inferior

A

Caudal

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9
Q

Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

A

Cell

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10
Q

Medical imaging technique in which a computer enhanced cross-sectional x-ray image is obtained

A

Comuted tomography (CT)

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11
Q

Compares values to their normal range; deviations caused the activation of an effector

A

Control center

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12
Q

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior

A

Cranial

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13
Q

Division of the posterior cavity that houses the brain

A

Cranial cavity

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14
Q

Describes the position farther from the surface of the body

A

Deep

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15
Q

Changes an organism goes through during its life

A

Development

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16
Q

Process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

A

Differentiation

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17
Q

Describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

A

Distal

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18
Q

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior

A

dorsal

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19
Q

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as the posterior body cavity

A

Dorsal cavity

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20
Q

Organ that can cause a change in value

A

effector

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21
Q

Two dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

A

Frontal plane

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22
Q

Study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the united eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy

A

Gross anatomy

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23
Q

Process of increasing in size

A

Growth

24
Q

Study state of body systems that living organisms maintain

A

Homeostasis

25
Q

Describe a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail also referred to as caudal

A

Inferior

26
Q

Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

A

Lateral

27
Q

Medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

28
Q

Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

A

Medial

29
Q

Sum of all of the bodies chemical reactions

A

Metabolism

30
Q

Study a very small structures of the body using magnification

A

Microscopic anatomy

31
Q

Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the bodies, physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

A

Negative feedback

32
Q

Range of values around the setpoint that do not cause a reaction by the control center

A

Normal range

33
Q

Chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival

A

Nutrient

34
Q

Functionally distinct structure, composed of two or more types of tissues

A

Organ

35
Q

Group of organs that typically work together to carry out a particular function

A

Organs system

36
Q

Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

A

Organism

37
Q

Sac that encloses the heart

A

Pericardium

38
Q

Serous membrane that lines the abdomiopelvic cavityand covers the organs found there

A

Peritoneum

39
Q

Science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the bodies functions

A

Physiology

40
Q

Imaginary two dimensional surface that passes through the body

A

Plane

41
Q

Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

A

Pleura

42
Q

Mechanism that intensifies a change in the bodies physiological condition and response to a stimulus

A

Positive feedback

43
Q

Medical imaging technique in which radio pharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

44
Q

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal

A

Posterior

45
Q

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity

A

Posterior cavity

46
Q

Force exerted by a substance and contact with another substance

A

Pressure

47
Q

Face down

A

Prone

48
Q

Describes a position near to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

A

Proximal

49
Q

Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

A

Regional anatomy

50
Q

Processed by which worn out cells are replaced

A

Renewal

51
Q

Process by which new organisms are generated

A

Reproduction

52
Q

Ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions

A

Responsiveness

53
Q

Two dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

A

Sagittal plane

54
Q

In anatomy, a single flat surface of a three dimensional structure that has been cut through

A

Section

55
Q

(Also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

A

Sensor

Anatomy & Physiology I (7 decks)

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