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General Psychology > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

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1
Q

Bio psychological perspective

A

Perspective that attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system

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2
Q

Case study

A

Study of one individual in great detail

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3
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Study of physical changes in the Brian and nervous system during thinking

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4
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

Modern perspective that focuses of memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning

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5
Q

Control group

A

Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and who may receive a placebo treatment

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6
Q

Correlation

A

A measure of the relationship between two variables

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7
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

A number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and indicating the strength and the direction of a correlation

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8
Q

Critical thinking

A

Making reasoned judgement about claims

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9
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subject in the experiment

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10
Q

Double blind study

A

Study in which neither the expirementer nor the subjects know if the subjects are in the experimental or control group

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11
Q

Evolutionary perspective

A

Perspective that focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share

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12
Q

Experiment

A

A deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships

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13
Q

Experimental group

A

Subjects in an experiment who are subjected to the independent variable

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14
Q

Experimenter effect

A

Tendency of the experimenter’s expectations for a study to unintentionally influence the results of the study

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15
Q

Functionalism

A

Early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of the study is how the minds allows people to adapt, live, work, and play

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16
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

Early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and sensation, particularly the perception of patterns and whole figures

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17
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

Perspective that emphasizes human potential and the idea that people have the freedom to choose their own destiny

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18
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations

19
Q

Independent variable

A

Variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter

20
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Study in which the researcher observes people or animals in their normal environment

21
Q

Objective introspection

A

The process of examining and measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activities

22
Q

Observer bias

A

Tendency of observers to see what they expect to see

23
Q

Observer effect

A

Tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed

24
Q

Operational definition

A

Definitions of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured

25
Q

Participant observation

A

A naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed

26
Q

Placebo effect

A

The phenomenon in which expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior

27
Q

Population.

A

The entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested

28
Q

Psychiatric social worker

A

A social worked with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse

29
Q

Psychiatrist

A

A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

30
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

The theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud

31
Q

Psychoanalyst

A

Either a psychiatrist or psychologist who has special training in the theories of Sigmund Freud and his method of psychoanalysis

32
Q

Psychodynamic perspective

A

Modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a person’s behavior than sexual motivations

33
Q

Psychologist

A

A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology

34
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

35
Q

Random assignment

A

Process of assigning subjects to the experimental or control groups randomly, so that each subject has an equal chance of being in either group

36
Q

Replicate

A

In research, repeating a study or experiment to see if the same results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results

37
Q

Representative sample

A

Randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population is subjects

38
Q

Scientific method

A

System of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced

39
Q

Single blind study

A

Study in which the subjects do not know in they are in the experimental or control group

40
Q

Sociocultural perspective

A

Perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture

41
Q

Structuralism

A

Early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, in which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of mind

42
Q

Survey

A

Study conducted by asking a series of questions to a group of people

43
Q

Behaviorism

A

The science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only

General Psychology (3 decks)

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