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General Psychology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

A

Premise that states drama are created by the high centers of the cortex to explain the activation by the brain stem of cortical cells during REM sleep periods

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2
Q

Adaptive theory

A

Theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active

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3
Q

Alcohol

A

The chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter

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4
Q

Alpha waves

A

Brain Waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep

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5
Q

Altered states of consciousness

A

State in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

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6
Q

Amphetamines

A

Stimulants that are synthesized (made) in laboratories rather than being found in nature

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7
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depressant drugs that have a sedative effect

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8
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Represent drug that lowers anxiety and reduces stress

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9
Q

Beta waves

A

Smaller and faster brain waves, typically indicating mental activity

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10
Q

Caffeine

A

A mild stimulate found in coffee, tea, and several other plant based substances

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11
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

A cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24- hour period

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12
Q

Cocaine

A

A natural drug derived from the leaves of a coca plant

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13
Q

Consciousness

A

A person’s awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior

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14
Q

Delta waves

A

Long, slow waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep

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15
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system

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16
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering perception of reality

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17
Q

Hallucinogenic

A

Drugs that include hallucinogens and marijuana that produce hallucinations or increased feelings or relaxation and intoxication

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18
Q

Heroin

A

Narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addictive

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19
Q

Hypnosis

A

State of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestions.

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20
Q

Insomnia

A

The inability to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

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21
Q

LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide)

A

Powerful synthetic hallucinogen

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22
Q

Marijuana

A

Mild hallucinogen derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant

23
Q

MDMA (ecstasy or X)

A

Designer drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects

24
Q

Mescaline

A

Natural hallucinogen derived from the peyote cactus buttons

25
Q

Micro sleeps

A

Brief sidesteps of sleep lasting only a few seconds

26
Q

Morphine

A

Narcotic drug derived from opium, used to treat severe pain

27
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sleep disorder in which a person falls asleep immediately into REM sleep during the Day without warning

28
Q

Narcotics

A

A class of opium- related drugs that suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous systems natural receptors sites for endorphins

29
Q

Nicotine

A

Active ingredient in tobacco

30
Q

Night terrors

A

Relative rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during sleep without waking fully

31
Q

Nightmares

A

Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep

32
Q

Non-REM sleep (NREM)

A

Any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM

33
Q

Opium

A

Substance derived from the opium poppy from which all narcotics drugs are derived

34
Q

PCP

A

Synthesized drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that cause cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogen effects

35
Q

Physical independence

A

Condition occurring when a person’s body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug

36
Q

Psilocybin

A

Natural hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms

37
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

Drugs that alter thinking, perception and memory

38
Q

Psychological dependence

A

The feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotion or psychological well- being

39
Q

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

A

Stage of sleep in which eyes move rapidly under the eye lids and a person is typically experiencing a dream

40
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

A rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares

41
Q

REM paralysis

A

The inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep

42
Q

REM rebound

A

Increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights

43
Q

Restorative theory

A

Theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage

44
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more during sleep

45
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

Any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability

46
Q

Sleep walking (somnambulism)

A

Occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or waking around in ones sleep

47
Q

Social- cognitive theory of hypnosis

A

Theory that assumes that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state but merely playing the role expected of them in the situation

48
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system

49
Q

Stimulatory hallucinogen

A

Drugs that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulate and hallucinogenic effect

50
Q

Theta waves

A

Brain Waves indicating early stages of sleep

51
Q

Waking consciousness

A

State in which thought, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert

52
Q

Withdrawal

A

Physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems

53
Q

Activation-information mode model (AIM)

A

Revised version of the activation-synthesis explanation of dreams in which information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams

General Psychology (3 decks)

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