Chapter One Flashcards
What is Neuro physiology?
It explains the workings of the nervous system. CNS, PNS
What is physiology?
Study of the function of the body
What is cardiovascular physiology?
The study of the heart and blood vessels
What is renal physiology
The study of the kidney functions and urine production.
What are the survival needs of the body? (5)
1-Nutrients (food plant diet: rich in carbohydrates, vitamins & minerals. Animal diet: rich in proteins & fats)
2- Oxygen (nothing else matters w/o Oxygen. air we breathe is 20% oxygen. Chemical rxn cannot occur w/o it)
3- Water (60-80% of body weight is water)
4- temperature (needs to be normal 98.6F for chemical Rxns)
5- atmospheric pressure (force that air exerts on body surface)
Define homeostasis
Ability to maintain stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously.
Which systems help to maintain homeostasis? (2)
1- Neuro system
2- Endocrine system
They both use neural electrical impulses or blood borne hormones as message carriers.
What are the 3 components that make up homeostatic control mechanisms?
1- Receptor (sensor that monitors the environment & responds to changes,stimuli, by sending info out to…
2- Control Center ( receives changes and responds, AKA the dictator)
3- effector ( triggers response, does what the control center dictates, responds to stimulus)
Describe the Afferent and Efferent pathways?
Input flows from the receptor to the control center along the AFFERENT PATHWAY
Information flows from the control center to the effector along the EFFERENT PATHWAY.
NOTE: Information traveling along the Afferent pathway Approaches the control center and Efferent information Exits from the control center.
What are negative feedback mechanisms?
The output from body is going to shut off original stimulus or reduces its intensity. This mechanism cause the variable to change in a direction opposite to that of initial change, returning it to its ideal value.
What are positive feedback mechanisms?
The response that enhances the original stimulus so that the output activity is accelerated. It’s considered positive bc the change that occurs proceeds in the same direction as the initial disturbance, causing variable to deviate further from original value.
Describe homeostatic imbalance.
When homeostasis is disturbed or abnormal, this accounts as a cause for most diseases within our bodies when we are out of homeostasis. With age homeostasis becomes less effective which causes us to be sick more often.
