Chapter One

Question 1

what is biology?

Answer 1

bio=life, ology= study of
scientific study of organisms, living and dead

Question 2

what is a cell?

Answer 2

the basic/simplest unit of life, use DNA to to produce proteins

Question 3

what is an organism?

Answer 3

living individuals that have one or more cells

Question 4

5 characteristics of life?

Answer 4

1. life is made up of cells and is organized
2. life extracts energy from the environment and uses to do work
3. life contains genetic info that enables, development, maintenance, function, reproduction
4. life can regulate its internal environment/ maintain homeostasis
5. life exists in populations that evolve over time

Question 5

examples of homeostasis?

Answer 5

humans sweat to cool themselves off and shiver to warm themselves up to maintain a viable body temperature

Question 6

levels of organization

Answer 6

1. atom
2. molecule
3. organelle
4. cell
5. tissue
6. organ
7. organ system
8. organism
9. population
10. community
11. ecosystem
12. biome
13. biosphere

Question 7

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Answer 7

PROKARYOTES are single celled organisms that do not contain a nucleus or organelles, bacteria and archaea

EUKARYOTES are single or multi cellular organisms with a nucleus and organelles, formed billions of years after prokaryotes

Question 8

most inclusive taxonomic groups?

Answer 8

Domain and Kingdom

Question 9

least inclusive taxonomic groups?

Answer 9

Genus and Species

Question 10

3 domains?

Answer 10

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 11

4 kingdoms in domain Eukarya

Answer 11

Protist
Animalia
Fungi
Plantae

Question 12

Which domains emerged first?

Answer 12

Archaea
then Bacteria
then Eukarya

Question 13

How old is the earth?

Answer 13

4.6 billion years

Question 14

When did first life form appear on earth?

Answer 14

4 billion years ago

Question 15

When did photosynthetic organisms appear?

Answer 15

2.5 billion years ago

Question 16

Age of land plants and animals?

Answer 16

500 million years ago

Question 17

Age of humans?

Answer 17

500 thousand years ago

Question 18

What changed in the atmosphere to allow organism to move onto land?

Answer 18

O2 gas from photosynthesis building up in the atmosphere formed the ozone layer (O3) which absorbs damaging UV radiation.

Question 19

What is the unifying principal of biology?

Answer 19

evolution

Question 20

Evolution?

Answer 20

decent by modification that will change the genetic makeup/information of every population.

Question 21

artificial selection?

Answer 21

selective breeding of plants and animals to obtain desire traits

Question 22

natural selection?

Answer 22

it is a mechanism of evolution in which fitness is defined as organisms ability to live long enough to pass on their genes

Question 23

adaptations?

Answer 23

are traits that enhance a organisms chances of survival and reproduction

Question 24

steps of the scientific method?

Answer 24

1. make observations
2. speculate, ask a question
3. form hypothesis to answer the question (statement, testable, falsifiable)
4. make a prediction based whether your hypothesis is true
5. design and conduct experiment to test predictions

Question 25

dependent variable?

Answer 25

is what is being measured, must be able to measure it

Question 26

independent variable

Answer 26

what is manipulated by us

Question 27

standardized variable

Answer 27

variable that is held constant for all subjects

Question 28

control group

Answer 28

untreated group that is used for comparison