Chapter Nine: Multigroup Design

Question 1

Chi-Square Test of Independence

Answer 1

A statistical test in which both variables are categorical. This test generally examines if the distribution of participants across categories is different from what would happen if there were no difference between the groups

Question 2

Confound

Answer 2

A variable that the researcher unintentionally varies along with the manipulation

Question 3

Empty Control Group

Answer 3

A group that does not receive any form of the treatment and just completes the dependent variable

Question 4

Exploratory Analyses

Answer 4

Statistical tests that examine potential differences that were not anticipated or predicted prior to conducting the study

Question 5

Hypothesis-Guessing

Answer 5

When a participant in a study actively attempts to identify the purpose of the research

Question 6

Methodological Pluralism

Answer 6

The use of multiple methods or strategies to answer a research question

Question 7

Multigroup Design

Answer 7

An experimental design with three or more groups

Question 8

Nonlinear (or functional) relationships

Answer 8

Any association between variables that the use of just two comparison groups cannot uncover. These relationships, often identified on a graph as a curved or curvilinear line, help provide us with a clearer picture of how variables relate to one another

Question 9

One-Way Analysis of Variance (One-Way ANOVA)

Answer 9

A statistical test that determines whether responses from the different conditions are essentially the same or whether the responses from at least one of the conditions differ from the others

Question 10

Placebo Group

Answer 10

A group where participants believe they are getting the treatment, but in reality they are not

Question 11

Planned Contrasts

Answer 11

Statistical tests that examine comparisons between groups that were predicted ahead of time. These test have the added benefit of allowing the comparison of combined conditions to other conditions in the study

Question 12

Post-Hoc Tests

Answer 12

Statistical tests that examine all possible combinations of conditions in a way that statistically accounts for the fact that not all of them were predicted ahead of time

Question 13

Power

Answer 13

A study’s ability to find differences between groups when there is a real difference (i.e., when the null hypothesis is false); the probability that a study will yield significant results