Chapter Eight: Two-Group Design Flashcards
Control Group
Any condition that serves as the comparison group in an experiment
Covariation
When changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable; part of determining causality
Effect Size
A statistical measure of the magnitude of the difference between groups
Experimental Control
The ability to keep everything between groups the same except for the one element we want to test in an experiment
Experimental Group
The group or condition that gets the key treatment in an experiment
Experimental Hypothesis
A clear and specific prediction of how the independent variable will influence the dependent variable
Experimental Realism
The degree to which a study participant becomes engrossed in a manipulation and is truly influenced by it
Extraneous Variable
A factor other than the intended treatment that might change the outcome variable
Independence
The assumption that each participant represents a unique and individual data point
Independent Samples T-Test
A statistical test comparing groups’ means to see if the groups differ to a degree that could not have happened accidentally or by chance
Internal Validity
The degree to which we can rule out other possible causal explanations for an observed relationship between the independent and dependent variable
Manipulation Check
A measure that helps determine whether the manipulation effectively changed or varied the independent variable across conditions
Matched-Pair Design
A design in which one creates a set of two participants who are highly similar on a key trait and then randomly assigns individuals in the pair to different groups
Mundane Realism
The degree to which a study parallels everyday situations in the real world
Null Hypothesis
The hypothesis of no difference; usually the hypothesis the researcher is trying to statistically reject
