Chapter III Flashcards
It is a generic military term referring to the assembly of a projectile, propellant, primer, and cartridge case.
Ammunition or Cartridge
In Webster’s later edition, it is defined as a case capsule, shell or bag of metal, pasteboard, of the like, containing the explosives charge and in small arms and some cannon, the projectile to be fired.
cartridge
The term ammunition was derived through French from the Latin ________, which means ________.
“munire”; to provide
The term cartridge may have been derived from the Latin word ________, meaning _______, or from the French word _________, meaning ______________.
“charta”; paper; “cartouche”; a roll of paper
This refers to any loaded shell for rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, revolvers, and pistols from which a bullet, ball, shot, shell or other missiles maybe fired by means of gunpowder or other explosives. The term also includes ammunition for air rifles.
Ammunition or cartridge
What laws contain the legal definition of ammunition or cartridge?
Section 290 of the National Internal Revenue Code, Section 877 of the Revised Administrative Code
Ammunition or cartridge refers to any loaded shell for rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, revolvers, and pistols from which a bullet, ball, shot, shell or other missiles maybe fired by means of gunpowder or other explosives. The term also includes ammunition for air rifles (Section 290 of the National Internal Revenue Code, Section 877 of the Revised Administrative Code).
Legal Definition
The term ___________ or __________ is used to describe a complete unfired unit consisting of bullet, cartridge case, propellant (gun powder), and primer.
ammunition or cartridge
The term ammunition or cartridge is used to describe a complete unfired unit consisting of bullet, cartridge case, propellant (gun powder), and primer.
Technical Definition
Today, __________ refers to a “file of assembled cartridges” in bulks as in boxes.
ammunition
It refers to a “single cartridge.”
Round
These are commonly referred to as “Shell” or “Shotshell.”
Shotgun cartridges
This is referred to as “Metallics” or “Catridges.”
Rifle ammunition
These are called “shell” (such as artillery).
Large caliber guns cartridges
When an investigator uses a term “Cartridge,” he invariably refers to _____________________________.
revolver, pistol or rifle cartridges
The cartridge evolved about the turn of the ____________.
16th century
In year 1635, the first cartridge was invented by ______________________. These were simple packages, which he furnished to his troops, during the ___________.
King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden; 30 years’ war
In 1846, __________ invented another cartridge. Original cartridges were not the brass gilding-metal tipped units, but a ___________.
Benjamin Houllier; paper cartridge
The middle of the 19th century, _______________, a French gunsmith, invented the first pin fire cartridge and pin fire gun.
Casimir Lefaucheux
_______________________, from France, developed one of the earliest cartridges known as ____________ that became the forerunner of American Rim fire ammunition.
Louise Nicolas A. Flobert; Flobert Cartridges
Anatomy of Standard Cartridge
- Bullet
- Cartridge Case
- Propellant
- Primer
This is also called slug.
Bullet
This is the projectile propelled from a firearm by means of the expansive force of gases coming from burning gunpowder.
Bullet
This is also called shell.
Cartridge Case
This is the tubular metallic container for the gunpowder.
Cartridge Case
This is the powder charge intended to be burned thus generating an energy that will launch the bullet.
Propellant
This is also called percussion.
Primer
This is composed of the metal cup and priming mixture which is highly sensitive.
Primer
______________________ produces a spark that ignites the priming mixture which eventually caused the combustion of gunpowder.
Striking the primer cup
General Types of Ammunition
- Dummy
- Drill ammo
- Blank ammo
- Live ammo
This is a carefully made replica of a cartridge, usually made of steel and discreetly dimensioned to be used by weapons instructors, inspectors and repairmen when checking if weapons are functional.
Dummy
This is completely inert and without an explosive propellant. It is used in military training to practice loading and manipulation of firearms.
Drill ammo
This is a cartridge without a bullet. It may contain gunpowder and priming mixture thus designed to produce gunshot to indicate firing. This is used for theatrical performance and military training.
Blank ammo
It is the real ammunition since it is composed of a complete unit of unfired cartridge.
Live ammo
Types of Ammunition according to Common Types of Firearms
- Revolver Cartridge/Ammo
- Pistol Cartridge/Ammo
- Assault Rifle or Hunting Rifle Cartridge/Ammo
- Shot Shell or Shotgun Cartridge
- Case-less Cartridge/Ammo
This is designed for revolvers.
Revolver Cartridge/Ammo
This type of ammunition has a rimmed base and a straight case which allows the bullet to be rammed the chamber of the revolving cylinder.
Revolver Cartridge/Ammo
In a ______________, the rim is designed to limit the forward travel of the cartridge straight inside the chamber.
Revolver Cartridge/Ammo
In a Revolver Cartridge, the case is traditionally made of ________.
brass
This is designed for pistols, carbines and most submachine guns.
Pistol Cartridge/Ammo
This type of ammunition has extractor’s groove instead of a rimmed base. The groove allows easier loading and extracting before and after firing the cartridge.
Pistol Cartridge/Ammo
This is designed for hunting rifles, sniping rifles, assault rifles, machine guns, and some submachine guns.
Assault Rifle or Hunting Rifle Cartridge/Ammo
This type of cartridge has a bottle-neck Shape.
Assault Rifle or Hunting Rifle Cartridge/Ammo
It has longer case for large powder capacity and increased power.
Assault Rifle or Hunting Rifle Cartridge/Ammo
This is for shotguns.
Shot Shell or Shotgun Cartridge
The case of this ammunition is generally made of plastic with a metallic base.
Shot Shell or Shotgun Cartridge
It usually contains several pellets, although special types of this may be loaded with single slugs.
Shot Shell or Shotgun Cartridge
This is a special type of ammo. The gunpowder serves as casing of the bullet. The entire cartridge is coated with varnish or similar material to protect it from moisture and moderate shocks.
Case-less Cartridge/Ammo
This can be used in handguns and rifles. Its advantage lays essentially its small weight and optimized volume.
Case-less Cartridge/Ammo
It is more sensitive to moisture and shocks compared to cased ammo. It cannot be adapted for use in revolvers because the chamber of the cylinder of the revolver is smooth from side to side and it’s the case that holds the round.
Case-less Cartridge/Ammo
Classification of Cartridge
- According to Rim
- According to the location of Primer
- According to Caliber
- According to Level of Propellant Charges
- (According to Power)
Classification of Cartridge According to Rim
a) Rimmed Cartridge
b) Semi-rimmed Cartridge
c) Rimless Cartridge
d) Rebated Cartridge
e) Belted Cartridge
Classification of Cartridge According to the location of Primer
a) Pin-fire Cartridge
b) Rim-fire Cartridge
c) Center-fire Cartridge
d) Percussion
e) Needle-fire
f) Tail-fire
g) Ring-fire Cartridge
h) Volcanic Cartridge
Classification of Cartridge According to Caliber
a) Handgun Cartridge
b) Rifle Cartridge
c) Most Powerful Cartridge in Handgun
d) Blank Cartridge with Wax Bullet
e) Shotgun Cartridge
Classification of Cartridge According to Level of Propellant Charges
a) Low Powder
b) High Powder
c) High Intensity
Classification of Cartridge According to Power
a) Low-power cartridge
b) High-power cartridge
c) High-intensity cartridge
This is the design of cartridges for revolvers, shotguns, and some rifles.
Rimmed Cartridge
The cartridge has a rimmed base that is the rim diameter is obviously wider than the case diameter, and it has no extracting groove. Examples are the .38 caliber and .22 caliber cartridges for revolvers.
Rimmed Cartridge
In this, the rim is slightly wider than the case. Examples are the .25 caliber, .32 auto and super .38 cartridges for semi-automatics.
Semi-rimmed Cartridge
It is the type of cartridge which is true to pistol and rifle ammunition.
Rimless Cartridge
In this, the cartridge case and the rim have equal diameter. Examples are the .45 cartridge and 9mm cartridges for semi-automatic pistols, and 5.56mm and 7.62mm cartridges for assault rifles.
Rimless Cartridge
This is a rare type of cartridges because the rim has smaller diameter than the cartridge case. Example is the 8x59 mm rifle cartridge.
Rebated Cartridge
This is the type of cartridge originally designed for machineguns.
Belted Cartridge
In this, the extractor’s groove is strengthened with another layer of metal to prevent the machine gun’s extractor from damaging the cartridge case. Examples are .338 magnum and 13.9x99 mm cartridges.
Belted Cartridge
This is the type of cartridge in which the primer cup is concealed inside the cartridge case.
Pin-fire Cartridge
In this, a pin is resting on the primer. The pin protrudes at the side of the cartridge. The gun chamber has a notch for the pin to stand when loaded in the squeezing the trigger.
Pin-fire Cartridge
Accordingly, this type of cartridge had been used in France in the 1830’s. This cartridge no longer manufactured today.
Pin-fire Cartridge
This is a type of cartridge in which the priming mixture is located at the hollow portion of the rim of the cartridge case.
Rim-fire Cartridge
It can be fired if the firing pin strikes the bottom of the cartridge at the rim area.
Rim-fire Cartridge
This cartridge type can be identified easily by the smooth base of the cartridge case.
Rim-fire Cartridge
At present, this is exclusively used by .22 cal. revolvers.
Rim-fire Cartridge
This is the type of cartridge mostly used today.
Center-fire Cartridge
In this, the primer cup is centrally placed at the base of the cartridge.
Center-fire Cartridge
In this, the priming mixture is exploded by the impact of the firing on the primer cup which is supported by the anvil.
Center-fire Cartridge
This needs mechanical blow against the percussion cap.
Percussion
This refers to a needle fire system that the primer is placed in the base of the bullet.
Needle-fire
In this, a long sharp firing pin pierced the paper or foil case to reach the primer.
Needle-fire
This is a type of cartridge that the opening of the rifle for loading is compressed by spring, once the rifle has been loaded and the breech is closed, operation of the trigger to crush against the underside of the block and detonate a flat percussion tail from the rear of the cartridge.
Tail-fire
This is a type of cartridge used only on the sabotage case.
Ring-fire Cartridge
This is the chattel cartridge of Styer advance rifle and Styer anti-material machinegun.
Ring-fire Cartridge
This is a special type of cartridge wherein the priming mixture is placed in a circular hollow ring about 1/3 of the base of the cartridge.
Ring-fire Cartridge
Volcanic Cartridge is a system made by ______ and ___________ around ______.
Robin; Lawrence; 1854
In this, the cartridge was a mini ball with a base cavity filled with propellant. A paper disc holding a fulminate pellet is closed at the back of the base.
Volcanic Cartridge
This type of cartridge is similar to the concept of needle-fire, but it will not last long, the firing pin can be damaged easily.
Volcanic Cartridge
The ________ of a gun is the diameter of its bore, measure in fraction of an inch between two opposite lands.
calibre
The ______________________________ standardized cartridge specifications to insure inter-operability and trajectory matching of cartridge produced by its various members.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Cartridge made for military use must jibe with the specifications of the member countries and certified by the manufacturer then marked with the ________________________.
NATO cross and circle symbol
The cross is inside the _______.
circle
In this, cartridge is giving a muzzle velocity of less than 1,850 ft/sec.
Low Powder
In this, cartridge is giving a muzzle velocity of 1,925 to 2,500 ft/sec.
High Powder
In this, cartridge is giving a muzzle velocity of over 2,500 ft/sec.
High Intensity
It is a cartridge that fires a projectile with a muzzle velocity of less than 1,850 fps.
Low-power cartridge
It is a cartridge that fires a projectile with muzzle velocity between 1,925 and 2,500 fps.
High-power cartridge
The projectile fired from this cartridge has a muzzle velocity of more than 2,500 fps.
High-intensity cartridge
Parts of Shotgun Ammunition
- Shot Cap (Stirrup)
- Tube (Shell/Case/Hull)
- Crimp
- Gunpowder or Powder
- Primer
- Wad
- Lead Shot
It is a plastic cap that holds the shots.
Shot Cap (Stirrup)
It is a plastic body or hull with mouth closed by die crimp or star crimp, eliminating need for overshot wad.
Tube (Shell/Case/Hull)
Prior to 1960, _______ is used as casing for shotgun ammo.
paper
It is the portion of a cartridge case that is bent inward to hold the shot in place.
Crimp
It is any chemical compound used that if ignited it will cause tremendous pushing power to bullet or pellets.
Gunpowder or Powder
It is a chemical priming compound, primer cup, anvil and battery cup that when struck it ignites the powder charge.
Primer
It is a disk made of paper used to hold the powder or shot.
Wad
Four Kinds of Wads
a) Base wad
b) Under powder
c) Over powder
d) Filler
It is a small steel or lead pellet of different sizes.
Lead Shot
Three Types of Lead Shot
a) Drop or Soft Shot
b) Chilled or Hard Shot
c) Plated Shot
It is a type of lead shot that contains pure lead.
Drop or Soft Shot
It is a lead hardened by antimony.
Chilled or Hard Shot
It is coated with cupronickel or 70% copper and 30% nickel or steel shot.
Plated Shot
Three Categories of Shot
o Buckshot
o Slug
o Tungsten-Iron Shot
o Flechette Shot
This consists of lead balls.
Buckshot
It is a single slug with angled grooves cut into its side to spin it. This refers to Sabot Slug.
Slug
It is formed from powdered tungsten and iron, blended together and pressed into a pellet.
Tungsten-Iron Shot
It is a cluster of sturdy steel needles with tiny fins at their base to stabilize them in flight.
Flechette Shot
The cartridge will have a shelf life for _________________ if components or parts are commercially virgins.
more than 20 years
The life of ammunitions depends on the ________________.
manner of storage
It is the process of military storage of ammunition or arms.
Igloo
It is done by making a concrete bunker with walls about a foot thick and then covered.
Igloo
Ammo may reach ________ with no degradation.
40 years
This may refer to the powder charge or the case design.
Magnum
