Chapter II Flashcards
This weapon was developed in the first quarter of 14th century. It was a simple, smooth-bore tube of iron, closed at the breech end except for an opening called a touchhole. It was set into a rounded piece of wood for holding under the arm. The tube was loaded with shot and powder and then fired by inserting a heated wire into the touchhole. Later models had flash pan, a saucer-like depression in the barrel at the outer end of the touchhole. A small charge of powder was placed in the flash pan and fired by applying a slow match. The slow match, consisting of a piece of cord soaked in a solution of potassium nitrate and then dried, smoldered without flaming or becoming extinguished.
Firelock
This was introduced about the middle of 15th century as a type of musket. This weapon was essentially the same as the firelock, except that the slow match was clamped in the top of a device called serpentine – an S-shaped piece of metal pivoted in the center.
Matchlock
It is an S-shaped piece of metal pivoted in the center.
serpentine
A refinement in the shape of its stock to permit firing from the shoulder produced the ____________________, a primitive portable firearm used in the 15th and 16th centuries composed of barrel fitted in a long-bent stock.
harquebus (or arquebus)
The first firelock appeared about 1515. It has improved firing mechanism compared to firelock and matchlock. The firing mechanism consisted of a spring-driven wheel. When the wheel is released by a trigger mechanism, it rotates and the hardened steel rim rubs a lump of iron pyrites. Sparks are produced that ignite the black powder found in the priming pan and thus firing the weapon. Wheel lock, however, was not generally accepted because of its complicated and expensive mechanism.
Wheel Lock
It was invented early in the 17th century. This type of firing mechanism consisted of a hammer powered by a trigger spring and bearing a piece of flint. When the trigger was pulled, the hammer struck the flint against a serrated steel striker plate located above the priming pan and thus produced a shower of sparks.
Snaphance
It was the final development if the flint-ignition firearm. It resembled the snaphance, except that the striker plate was L-shaped. The bottom limb of the L was used as a cover for the priming pan, to protect the powder from moisture until the upper limb was struck by the flint of the hammer.
Flintlock
It was the first repeating gun capable of sustained and accurate firing. Although it was the first genuinely effective rapid-fire weapon, it was not a true machine gun. It has several barrels arranged in a circle about a central axis.
Gatling Gun
Who invented and produced the gatling gun?
Richard J. Gatling
The world’s first true machine gun was the automatic machine gun that bears the name of Hiram Stevens Maxim. It was a single-barrel recoil-operated gun. Maxim invented the belt feed to continually feed ammunition to his gun.
Maxim Machine Gun
He developed a “water cooling system” to allow his gun to fire continuously without overheating. His guns were built in many sizes and were used extensively during World War I.
Hiram Stevens Maxim
The earlier versions of automatic rifles are called ____________ because they reload and re-cock automatically after each shot, and require release and another pull of the trigger to fire each succeeding shot.
semiautomatic
This was developed by John C. Garand. This rifle was officially adopted by the US military in January 9, 1936 as the first automatic rifle to be the standard infantry arm of a major army.
Caliber 30 M1 Garand rifle
It was during the 2nd Word War that military troops such as artillerymen, engineers, and signalmen were armed with the ___________.
M1 carbine
he first known carbine was developed by ______________ a.k.a ________.
David Williams; Carbine
It was considerably lighter and has shorter range compared to rifle thus it is more suited to occasional use for defense.
M1 Carbine
In 1957, the _________ was adopted by the US Army to replace the M1 carbine.
M14 rifle
The ___________, which permits full or semi-automatic fire, was introduced in 1966, during the Vietnam War. Developed by Eugene Stoner.
M16 rifle
These are firearms that propel projectiles with diameter of more than one inch. These are large-caliber guns such as mortars, bazookas and howitzers, including cannons.
Artillery
The artillery gun with the biggest caliber that was ever used in combat is the ___________ made by the Krupp Company in 1941.
“Gustav gun”
It was set up in west of Stalingrad in mid-August 1944. It was hurriedly withdrawn in September 1944, to avoid being captured outside Warsaw and Poland where it fired 30 rounds into Warsaw Ghetto during the 1944 uprising.
“Dora”
The portable weapons that developed from artillery and cannons are called __________.
small arms
Small arms are usually distinguished by ________.
caliber
It is the distance of two opposite lands in the gun barrel.
caliber
These are those that do not have rifling inside their barrel, the interior surface of their bore is smooth from end to end.
“Smooth bore”
These are those that have spiral lands and grooves at the bore (interior surface of their barrel).
“Rifled bore”
These are designed for long-range shooting. All shoulder firearms and high-caliber machineguns fall under these.
Long-Barreled Weapons
These are accurate only at relatively short ranges such as pistols, revolvers and submachine guns.
Short-Barreled Weapons
These are small short-range firearms that are intended to be fired with one hand.
Handguns
It is the smallest pistol in the world made in 1914.
“Kolibri auto pistol or Cal 2.7mm” with 5 shots
It is now considered the most powerful handgun in the world, it replaced Magnum .44.
“Caliber 50”
These are handguns that have rotating cylinder containing chambers designed to position a cartridge ready for firing. These have rifled barrel and capable of carrying up to 8 rounds in its cylinder in one loading. The revolving cylinder presents each cartridge to the striker for every pull of the trigger.
Revolvers
____________ of Hartford, Connecticut made the first practical revolver in 1835.
Samuel Colt
He made the Colt 1837 revolver model which became the first standard army handgun issue.
Samuel Colt
He made the Colt 1837 revolver model which became the first standard army handgun issue.
Samuel Colt
It is the oldest type of revolver. This type is loaded by pulling a rod under the barrel that will allow the cylinder to be removed at the left side and expose the chambers. Once the chambers are exposed, fresh cartridges are loaded one at a time while rotating the cylinder.
Ejection-Rod Type
It was more popularly produced in the United States. Also known as solid-frame revolver, this type is loaded by pressing the ejector that unlocks the cylinder from the frame and eventually swings to the left side.
Swing-out type
It was more popularly produced in United Kingdom. This type of revolver has barrel and cylinder hinged with a latch holding the barrel in place while in firing position. Loading is done by swinging down the barrel to expose the chambers.
Break-top type
This needs manual cocking of the hammer before squeezing the trigger. This kind of revolvers remains popular for its historical appeal, reliable design, and uncanny balance.
Single-action Type
These are those that do not need manual cocking. Pressing the trigger both cocks and releases the hammer causing a more rapid manner of firing.
Double-action Type
In 1857, the U.S. inventors _____________ and ___________ began producing revolvers that used cartridges.
Horace Smith; Daniel Wesson
These refer to small portable firearms that can be held, aimed, and fired with one hand. They have a short barrel (no longer than one foot) with a lock-and-load firing mechanism at the breech area.
Pistols
These are operated by pressing a lever causing the barrel to be unlatched and tipped upward. While the breech of the barrel is exposed, the cartridge is inserted to the chamber and locked. Its hammer is pulled back and cocked, ready to be fired.
Single-Shot Pistols
It is a more recent development than the revolver, originating in the 19th century, mostly through the efforts of John Browning who is regarded as the “wizard of modern firearms”.
Semi-Automatic Pistol
He is regarded as the “wizard of modern firearms”.
John Browning
These are those normally fired at shoulder level using both hands.
Shoulder Firearms
These are ancient muzzle loading shoulder weapons designed to fire single round lead ball for every loading. These have long barrel with smooth bore.
Muskets
These are weapons designed or intended to be operated from the shoulder using energy of explosive contained in a metallic cartridge to fire only a single projectile through a rifled bore for each pull of trigger.
Rifles
These are originally designed for targets at a longer distance in single shot manner. They differ from handguns as to length of the barrel (more than 22 inches in length) and the presence of butt stock. They are harder to carry and more difficult to conceal but they are much more accurate and shoot more powerful cartridges than handguns.
Rifles
It is a short rifle, with the barrel measuring not longer than 22 inches. It fires a single projectile through a rifled bore, either semi-automatic or full automatic, by pressing the trigger, to cycle the action.
Carbine
These are smoothbore and breech-loading shoulder weapons designed to fire a number of pellets or shots in one charge.
Shotguns
It is a special type of shotgun that has rifling at the last few inches in its barrel. The unique barrel design provides a spin to a slug that is specially designed for this type of shotgun.
Paradox gun
It is a shotgun, wherein the diameter of the bore of the barrel is uniform from the rear portion up to the muzzle end.
Cylinder Bore Shotgun
It is created and designed, in such a way that the diameter from the breech end is tapered towards the muzzle end. Even of the firearm will be used in long range, the pattern of the shot will still accumulate together and still effective.
Choke Bore Shotgun
It is a shotgun that can be used to fire a single large lead ball or round lead balls.
Paradox Shotgun
These are one type of heavy military weapon that fire ammunition continuously. These are known as full-automatic weapons because they automatically eject spent rounds of ammunition and reload fresh rounds.
Machine Guns
This uses the pressure created from the fired round to push a bolt, located directly behind the round, back and forth against a spring. The pressure from the fired round pushes the bolt backward against the spring and also ejects the spent round from the gun. A new round enters the weapon, and as the compressed spring pushes the bolt forward, the bolt rams the round into the breech. A pin on the end of the bolt strikes the round and fires it, beginning the cycle again.
Blow-back type
This pushes the barrel and the breech backwards as a unit, along with the bolt. The ejection and reloading cycles are completed during this recoil, and the breech remains sealed during firing.
Recoil type
These were devised as a means to increase the rate of fire of machine guns while at the same time reducing their weight. Gas from the fired round expands in the barrel and is diverted through a port in the barrel to a piston near the front of the gun. The piston pushes back against a mechanism and a spring, unlocking the breech, extracting the spent round and powering the reloading of a fresh round.
Gas type
It is the youngest class of small arms having been invented within living memory. It is a light, hand-held automatic weapon firing pistol ammunition.
Sub-machine Gun
It has a bolt operated by a trigger sear causing the cartridge to be fired in open bolt.
Open-Bolt Operated
These are guns designed to fire only one shot for every loading.
Single Shot Firearms
These are usually classified also as single-shot types. Reloading is done by manual manipulation of the bolt. The bolt of the gun is directly pulled to the rear by using the bolt handle (also called charging handle). These actions open the breech and expose the chamber for feeding with a round of ammunition.
Bolt-action Type
These are weapons that are capable of firing several shots in one loading since they are equipped with semi-automatic firing mechanism.
Repeating Firearms
These are rapid-fire weapons since they are equipped with full-automatic firing mechanism. After the first shot, the chamber is automatically fed with new cartridge.
Automatic Loading Type
It is capable of feeding the chamber by the backward-forward manipulator of the gun’s fore-end.
Slide or Pump Action Type (Trombone)
This group of firearms is also called break-type. The name comes from the manner of manipulating the stock and or the barrel. Loading is done by applying lever action to open the breech and expose the chamber.
Lever Action Type (Break-type)
These are firearms which use pneumatic pressure to fire a projectile.
Air Gun
It is known as “Freakish Devices.”
Cane Gun and Knife Pistol
It looks like a regular cell phone, same size, same shape and same in overall appearance of a cell phone but beneath the digital face lies a Cal .22 pistol.
Cell Phone Gun
It is used in some cases, such as sending signal and used as illumination to see enemies in the dark.
Flare Gun
It is a gun that uses barbed spear for hunting large fish.
Harpoon Gun
It is made by U.S. Government capable of firing .45 cartridges, single shot and smoothbore.
Liberator
It has two or more barrels in one firearm.
Multi-barreled Gun
This is a new group of handguns for hunting big game and long-range target competition. Firearms of this kind are nothing but single shot rifles with shortened barrels and no stock. These shooting rifles are loaded with hybrid rifle cartridges and deliver rifle energies.
Sawed-off Rifles
These are maybe used to drive stud, punch holes and which are also capable of accidentally firing live ammunition.
Tools
These are cheap guns that are readily available, youths and youth gang members may attempt to build their own firearms.
Zip guns (U.S.) or Paltik (Ph)
Firearm Law of the Philippines
P.D. 1866
Codifying the laws on illegal/unlawful possession, manufacture, dealing in, acquisition or disposition of firearms, ammunition or explosives or instrument used in the manufacture of firearms, ammunition and explosives, and imposing stiffer penalties for certain violation thereof.
R.A. 8294
The Comprehensive Firearms and Ammunitions Act of 2012
R.A. 10591
