Chapter Fourteen, Origins of species Flashcards
Speciation
process in which one species splits into two or more species
spiecies
- Latin- kind or appearance
taxation
branch of biology that includes naming and classifying organisms
easy definiton of species
distinct form of life
biological species concept
most common
species- group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring
reproductive and selection
different species do not usually mate with each other, and if they do, hybrid
morphological species concept
- classifications are based on physical traits
- fossils and asexual organisms
- very subjective tho
ecological species concept
- species are based on the ecological table
- focuses on unique adaptations to roles in a biological community
phylogenic species concept
species are defined as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor
reproductive barriers
- separate species
- these barriers are to prevent closely related species from mating
prezygotic barriers
-habitat isolation
- temporal isolation
- behavioral isolation
- mechanical isolation
- gametic isolation
postzygotic barriers
- reduced hybrid variability
= hybrid zygote does not survive - reduced hybrid fertility
= hybrid lives, but is sterile - reduced hybrid breakdown
= first generation is fertile, future generations are not
speciation in the population of the same species
allopatric speciation-
- formation of new species due to geographic speciation
- geographic barrier… oceans, mountains, lake
- organisms can overcome this depending on their ability to move
sympatric speciation
a new species arises within the same geographic area as its potential species
polyploid
cells with more than two complete sets of chromosomes
… plants
