6 part 2

Question 1

Pyruvate Oxidation

Answer 1

Prior to CAC, happens in the mitochondria
1)Loss of CO2
2)NAD+ reduced to NADH, 2 carbon compound is oxidized
3)Oxidized 2- carbon compound is stabilized by coenzyme A

Question 2

CAC

Answer 2

• Per one glucose, you get 2 ATP, 6 NADHs, and 2 FADH2s
• catalytic oxaloacetate
• CAC happens 2 times per glucose

Question 3

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 3

• 2 major parts
  - electron transport chain
  - Chemiosmosis
• ATP synthase- the enzyme that synthesizes ATP, occurs in the inner lining of the mitochondria
• high amount of electrons built up in inner membrane space
• electron transport across membrane against concentration gradient
• electrons diffuse through enzyme
• causes enzyme to spin, opens up activation site to bind to ATP and Phosphate
• produces ATP

Question 4

Fermentation

Answer 4

• how cells produce fermentation without any oxygen
• wayyyy less efficient

Question 5

Alcohol Fermentation

Answer 5

• • 2ATP
• always regenerate NAD+
• cells switch to fermentation when the need for ATP is higher than what the current supply of oxygen can provide

Question 6

Obligate Anaerobes

Answer 6

organisms that require anaerobic conditions
- oxygen is a poison
- typical of prokaryotes

Question 7

Facultative Anaerobes

Answer 7

organisms that make ATP via fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation
- depends on oxygen availability