chapter four: viticulture

Question 1

portion of the vine that includes leaves, branches, and fruit

Answer 1

canopy

Question 2

the vine’s branches, while they are young and pliable

Answer 2

canes

Question 3

the vine’s branches - if they are retained year after year - after they are thickened

Answer 3

cordons (arms)

Question 4

inserting an unrooted cutting into the trunk of an existing vine

Answer 4

field grafting

Question 5

vines begin to decline at this age

Answer 5

20 years

Question 6

ideal latitudes for commercial viticulture

Answer 6

30 to 50 degrees

Question 7

minimum temperature required to begin the emergence of new greenery in the spring

Answer 7

50F/10C

Question 8

sap flowing upward from the trunk out to the canes (before the emergence of new greenery)

Answer 8

weeping

Question 9

at the beginning of the growth cycle of the vine - tiny shoots emerge

Answer 9

bud break

Question 10

transition from flower to (grape) berry

Answer 10

fruit set (berry set)

Question 11

condition in which many flowers do not develop into grapes

Answer 11

coulure (shatter)

Question 12

abnormality resulting in many small, seedless berries in grape bunches

Answer 12

millerandage

Question 13

the beginning of ripening

Answer 13

veraison

Question 14

typical time period from bud break to harvest

Answer 14

140 to 160 days

Question 15

process by which the vine produces sugar

Answer 15

photosynthesis

Question 16

process by which the vine uses energy

Answer 16

respiration

Question 17

process in which water evaporates through openings in the vine’s leaves

Answer 17

transpiration

Question 18

process by which materials are moved from one area of the plant to another

Answer 18

translocation

Question 19

french term for the combined natural factors of a vineyard site

Answer 19

terroir

Question 20

bacterial vine disease spread via the glassy winged sharpshooter

Answer 20

pierce’s disease

Question 21

fungal disease also known as oidium

Answer 21

powdery mildew

Question 22

fungal disease also known as peronospora

Answer 22

downy mildew

Question 23

root-eating insect of great threat to vineyards

Answer 23

phylloxera

Question 24

two main approaches to pruning

Answer 24

spur (cordon) pruning
cane pruning

Question 25

vine-training system that does not use supports nor trellises

Answer 25

head training (bush training) (gobelet)

Question 26

fine-training system that guides vibes up a tall support

Answer 26

pergola

Question 27

vine-training system that guides one (or two) canes or cordons along a trellis

Answer 27

guyot

Question 28

(3) examples of divided-canopy systems

Answer 28

geneva double curtain
lyre
scott henry

Question 29

VSP

Answer 29

vertical shoot positioning