Chapter Four: Skin & Body Membranes

Question 1

what are the two categories of body membranes found in the skin?

Answer 1

Epithelial and Connective tissue

Question 2

List the functions of the skin (short answer)

Answer 2

1. maintains body boundaries
2. keeps water and other fluids inside the body
3. protects us from bacteria

Question 3

How does the skin regulate body temperature? (short answer)

Answer 3

the Eccrine sweat glands help regulate body temperature by secreting sweat when the body temperature is too high,

Question 4

What are the two kinds of sweat glands and where are they located? (short answer)

Answer 4

1. Eccrine Glands (located all over the body)
2. Apocrine Glands (located in the armpits and genital)

Question 5

How many types of epithelial membranes are there and what are they?

Answer 5

there are three types:
1. skin
2. Mucous
3. Serous

Question 6

What does the skin made up of?

Answer 6

two types of layers:
1. epidermis
2. Dermis

Question 7

What is the epidermis composed of?

Answer 7

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

What is the dermis composed of?

Answer 8

dense connective tissue

Question 9

What is the mucous membrane composed of?

Answer 9

epithelium resting on loose connective tissue

Question 10

What does the mucous membrane do?

Answer 10

Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior, and lines hollow organs of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts

Question 11

What does mucosae contain?

Answer 11

either stratified squamous epithelium (in the mouth/throat) or simple columnar epithelium (digestive tract)

Question 12

What characteristics does the mucous membranes have?

Answer 12

moist membranes that are bathed in secretions

Question 13

What are the functions of the mucous membranes?

Answer 13

absorbs and secrets

Question 14

What is the serous membrane composed of?

Answer 14

Composed of a layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue

Question 15

what are the two types of layers in the serous membrane?

Answer 15

1. Visceral layer (lines the outside of the parietal layer)
2. Parietal layer (lines the physical organ)

Question 16

What does the serous membrane secrete?

Answer 16

Serous fluid (secreted by both membranes)

Question 17

What specific types of serous membranes are listed?

Answer 17

1. Pleura (surrounds lungs)
2. Pericardium (surrounds heart)

Question 18

What are the synovial (connective) membranes composed of?

Answer 18

loose areolar connective tissue that contains NO epithelial cells.

Question 19

What do synovial membranes line?

Answer 19

They line the fibrous capsules surrounding joints?

Question 20

What do the synovial membranes do?

Answer 20

They cushion joints and prevent bone grinding and secrete a lubricating fluid

Question 21

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 21

1. insulates and cushions deeper body organs.
2. protects the entire body from mechanical, chemical, and thermal damage, as well as UV radiation and microbes.

Question 22

What minerals are lost in the skin sweats?

Answer 22

1. water
2. urea
3. salts

Question 23

What are the three main types of things that make up the skin?

Answer 23

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis

Question 24

Does the epidermis contain blood or no?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

Does the dermis contain blood or no?

Answer 25

it contains blood

Question 26

What are the five main types of epidermis?

Answer 26

1. Corneum (waterproof & thick) 2. Lucidum 3. Granulosum (dark layer) 4. Spinosum 5. Basale (growing cells and contains melanocytes)

Question 27

What does the dermis contain?

Answer 27

elastic fibers and collagen

Question 28

What type of cell in the epidermis is present the most?

Answer 28

keratinocytes (makes the skin a tough protective layer)

Question 29

What two layers does the dermis contain?

Answer 29

1. Papillary (top layer) (fingerprints) 2. Reticular (deeper layer)

Question 30

What three colors can melanin be?

Answer 30

yellow, reddish-brown, and black

Question 31

What three things produce skin color?

Answer 31

Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin

Question 32

What characteristics does the aprocrine glands have?

Answer 32

1. milk, yellowish color 2. secretion is odorless 3. hotbed for bacteria 4. produces secretions continuously 5. activated by nerve fivers during pain, stress, and sexual arousal

Question 33

How many types of burns are there and what are they?

Answer 33

There are four types: 1. first degree burn 2. second degree burn 3. third degree burn 4. fourth degree burn

Question 34

What happens in first degree burns?

Answer 34

1. the epidermis is damaged 2. the skin is red and swollen 3. recovery is possible

Question 35

What happens in second degree burns?

Answer 35

1. the epidermis and top layer of the dermis are damaged 2. the skin is red and painful 3. recovery of epidermis is possible

Question 36

What happens in third degree burns?

Answer 36

1. the epidermis and dermis are destroyed 2. recovery requires skin grafts 3. regeneration is impossible 4. burned area is a grey-white or black color

Question 37

What happens in fourth degree burns?

Answer 37

1. deeper tissue is destroyed (bone, muscle, tendons) 2. appears dry and leathery 3. requires surgery and grafting 4. may require amputation

Question 38

What percentage of burn is the front of the head?

Answer 38

4.5 percent

Question 39

What percentage of burn is the back of the head?

Answer 39

4.5 percent

Question 40

What percentage of burn is the whole head?

Answer 40

9 percent

Question 41

What percentage of burn is the front part of arm?

Answer 41

4.5 percent

Question 42

What percentage of burn is the back part of arm?

Answer 42

4.5 percent

Question 43

What percentage of burn is it for both arms?

Answer 43

18 percent

Question 44

What percentage of burn is the genital region?

Answer 44

1 percent

Question 45

What percentage of burn is the front part of leg?

Answer 45

9 percent

Question 46

What percentage of burn is the back part of leg?

Answer 46

9 percent

Question 47

What percentage of burn is it for both legs?

Answer 47

36 percent

Question 48

What can burns result in?

Answer 48

1. loss of body fluids 2. infection 3. invasion of bacteria