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ANATOMY > Chapter Four: Skin & Body Membranes > Flashcards

Chapter Four: Skin & Body Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two categories of body membranes found in the skin?

A

Epithelial and Connective tissue

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2
Q

List the functions of the skin (short answer)

A
  1. maintains body boundaries
  2. keeps water and other fluids inside the body
  3. protects us from bacteria
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3
Q

How does the skin regulate body temperature? (short answer)

A

the Eccrine sweat glands help regulate body temperature by secreting sweat when the body temperature is too high,

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4
Q

What are the two kinds of sweat glands and where are they located? (short answer)

A
  1. Eccrine Glands (located all over the body)
  2. Apocrine Glands (located in the armpits and genital)
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5
Q

How many types of epithelial membranes are there and what are they?

A

there are three types:
1. skin
2. Mucous
3. Serous

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6
Q

What does the skin made up of?

A

two types of layers:
1. epidermis
2. Dermis

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7
Q

What is the epidermis composed of?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

What is the dermis composed of?

A

dense connective tissue

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9
Q

What is the mucous membrane composed of?

A

epithelium resting on loose connective tissue

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10
Q

What does the mucous membrane do?

A

Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior, and lines hollow organs of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts

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11
Q

What does mucosae contain?

A

either stratified squamous epithelium (in the mouth/throat) or simple columnar epithelium (digestive tract)

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12
Q

What characteristics does the mucous membranes have?

A

moist membranes that are bathed in secretions

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13
Q

What are the functions of the mucous membranes?

A

absorbs and secrets

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14
Q

What is the serous membrane composed of?

A

Composed of a layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue

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15
Q

what are the two types of layers in the serous membrane?

A
  1. Visceral layer (lines the outside of the parietal layer)
  2. Parietal layer (lines the physical organ)
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16
Q

What does the serous membrane secrete?

A

Serous fluid (secreted by both membranes)

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17
Q

What specific types of serous membranes are listed?

A
  1. Pleura (surrounds lungs)
  2. Pericardium (surrounds heart)
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18
Q

What are the synovial (connective) membranes composed of?

A

loose areolar connective tissue that contains NO epithelial cells.

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19
Q

What do synovial membranes line?

A

They line the fibrous capsules surrounding joints?

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20
Q

What do the synovial membranes do?

A

They cushion joints and prevent bone grinding and secrete a lubricating fluid

21
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A
  1. insulates and cushions deeper body organs.
  2. protects the entire body from mechanical, chemical, and thermal damage, as well as UV radiation and microbes.
22
Q

What minerals are lost in the skin sweats?

A
  1. water
  2. urea
  3. salts
23
Q

What are the three main types of things that make up the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
24
Q

Does the epidermis contain blood or no?

A

no

25
Q

Does the dermis contain blood or no?

A

it contains blood

26
Q

What are the five main types of epidermis?

A
  1. Corneum (waterproof & thick)
  2. Lucidum
  3. Granulosum (dark layer)
  4. Spinosum
  5. Basale (growing cells and contains melanocytes)
27
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A

elastic fibers and collagen

28
Q

What type of cell in the epidermis is present the most?

A

keratinocytes (makes the skin a tough protective layer)

29
Q

What two layers does the dermis contain?

A
  1. Papillary (top layer) (fingerprints)
  2. Reticular (deeper layer)
30
Q

What three colors can melanin be?

A

yellow, reddish-brown, and black

31
Q

What three things produce skin color?

A

Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin

32
Q

What characteristics does the aprocrine glands have?

A
  1. milk, yellowish color
  2. secretion is odorless
  3. hotbed for bacteria
  4. produces secretions continuously
  5. activated by nerve fivers during pain, stress, and sexual arousal
33
Q

How many types of burns are there and what are they?

A

There are four types:
1. first degree burn
2. second degree burn
3. third degree burn
4. fourth degree burn

34
Q

What happens in first degree burns?

A
  1. the epidermis is damaged
  2. the skin is red and swollen
  3. recovery is possible
35
Q

What happens in second degree burns?

A
  1. the epidermis and top layer of the dermis are damaged
  2. the skin is red and painful
  3. recovery of epidermis is possible
36
Q

What happens in third degree burns?

A
  1. the epidermis and dermis are destroyed
  2. recovery requires skin grafts
  3. regeneration is impossible
  4. burned area is a grey-white or black color
37
Q

What happens in fourth degree burns?

A
  1. deeper tissue is destroyed (bone, muscle, tendons)
  2. appears dry and leathery
  3. requires surgery and grafting
  4. may require amputation
38
Q

What percentage of burn is the front of the head?

A

4.5 percent

39
Q

What percentage of burn is the back of the head?

A

4.5 percent

40
Q

What percentage of burn is the whole head?

A

9 percent

41
Q

What percentage of burn is the front part of arm?

A

4.5 percent

42
Q

What percentage of burn is the back part of arm?

A

4.5 percent

43
Q

What percentage of burn is it for both arms?

A

18 percent

44
Q

What percentage of burn is the genital region?

A

1 percent

45
Q

What percentage of burn is the front part of leg?

A

9 percent

46
Q

What percentage of burn is the back part of leg?

A

9 percent

47
Q

What percentage of burn is it for both legs?

A

36 percent

48
Q

What can burns result in?

A
  1. loss of body fluids
  2. infection
  3. invasion of bacteria

ANATOMY (12 decks)

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