Basic Chemistry Test Review

Question 1

What element is found in all organic compounds?

Answer 1

Carbon

Question 2

List three types of inorganic compounds:

Answer 2

H2O, Salts, Acids and Bases

Question 3

Identify four special properties of water:

Answer 3

Universal solvent, moderates temperature, chemical reactions take place, acts as a cushion

Question 4

Give examples of salts:

Answer 4

NaCl, MgBr2, and CaCl2

Question 5

Describe the pH scale:

Answer 5

A measure of the acidity of alkalinity of a solution

Question 6

What are the descriptions of an acid?

Answer 6

Acids are corrosive, sour, donates hydrogen ions, and all start with an H

Question 7

What are the descriptions of a base?

Answer 7

Bases are bitter, corrosive, slippery, accepts hydrogen ions, and all end in OH

Question 8

What happens in substances where there are an equal amount of acids and bases?

Answer 8

they cancel each other and neutralize each other

Question 9

What does an acid and base form when they neutralize each other?

Answer 9

salt water

Question 10

What is the pH of blood?

Answer 10

7.4

Question 11

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides

Question 12

What process forms organic molecules?

Answer 12

Dehydration synthesis

Question 13

What process breaks organic molecules?

Answer 13

Hydrolysis

Question 14

What is the formula for a monosaccharide?

Answer 14

C6H12O6

Question 15

What are some functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 15

Acts as an energy source, helps control blood glucose, insulin, and metabolism, and helps with fermentation

Question 16

What are the three types of Lipids?

Answer 16

Triglyceride, Phospholipids, and steroids

Question 17

Where are lipids usually found?

Answer 17

in the cell membrane or stored in fats

Question 18

Are lipids soluble in water?

Answer 18

absolutely not

Question 19

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 19

energy reserve, regulates hormones, cushions vital organs, transmit nerves impulses

Question 20

What are the subunits of proteins?

Answer 20

Amino Acids

Question 21

How many amino acids exist?

Answer 21

20

Question 22

What is an R group?

Answer 22

any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule

Question 23

What are the two types of proteins

Answer 23

fibrous and globular proteins

Question 24

What is an enzyme?

Answer 24

A biological catalyst

Question 25

What is an enzyme's function?

Answer 25

To make a break things

Question 26

Are enzymes reausable?

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 27

It contains our genetic info

Question 28

What is the general shape of DNA?

Answer 28

double helix

Question 29

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 29

Found in different locations (DNA is found in the cell nucleus and RNA is found in the cytoplasm) made up of different bases (DNA has AGTC, RNA has AGCU) have different structures (DNA has double helix, RNA is single-stranded), and have different sugars (DNA has deoxyribose sugars and RNA has ribose sugars)

Question 30

What are the subunits of nucleic acids?

Answer 30

Nucleotides

Question 31

What is the function of ATP?

Answer 31

Provides energy that all body cells can use

Question 32

How is energy release from ATP?

Answer 32

energy is released as glucose is oxidized

Question 33

What is the name for ATP?

Answer 33

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 34

What organic compound does ATP follow under?

Answer 34

Nucleic Acids

Question 35

Where is ATP found?

Answer 35

Mitochondria (powerhouse)

Question 36

What happens to the glucose when you eat foods?

Answer 36

turns into ATP

Question 37

What is released and brought back as ADP and ATP form?

Answer 37

Phosphates and energy

Question 38

What are the elements of carbohydrates?

Answer 38

CHO

Question 39

What are the elements of Lipids?

Answer 39

CHO

Question 40

What are the elements of Proteins?

Answer 40

CHON

Question 41

What are the elements of Nucleic Acids?

Answer 41

CHONP

Question 42

What is the monomer of Carbohydrates?

Answer 42

monosaccharides

Question 43

What are the monomers for lipids?

Answer 43

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 44

What is the monomer for proteins?

Answer 44

Amino Acids

Question 45

What is the monomer for nucleic acids?

Answer 45

nucleotides

Question 46

What are organic compounds?

Answer 46

A compound that contains carbon

Question 47

What are inorganic compounds?

Answer 47

A compound that does NOT contain carbon

Question 48

What is glucose, galactose, and fructose?

Answer 48

monosaccharide

Question 49

What is maltose, sucrose, and lactose?

Answer 49

Disaccharides

Question 50

What is starch, chitin, and glycogen?

Answer 50

Polysaccharide

Question 51

What are the two types of Fatty Acids?

Answer 51

Unsaturated (exist as oils @ room temp) and saturated (exist as solids @ room temp) acids

Question 52

What is a triglyceride made up of?

Answer 52

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

Question 53

What is a phospholipid made up of?

Answer 53

1 glycerol and 2 fatty acid chains

Question 54

What are some examples of steroids?

Answer 54

cholesterol, Vitamin-D, Hormones, bile salts

Question 55

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 55

Amino Acids

Question 56

What are the four levels of protein structures?

Answer 56

Primary Structure, Secondary Structure, Tertiary Structure, and Quaternary Structure

Question 57

What does the primary protein structure look like?

Answer 57

One long, single strand made up of amino acids (beads)

Question 58

What does the secondary protein structure look like?

Answer 58

Chains of amino acids that are twisted and bent, sometimes folds on themselves (two types: alpha or beta- pleated sheets)

Question 59

What does the Tertiary protein structure look like?

Answer 59

Compact, ball-like structure (looks like a glob)

Question 60

What does the Quaternary protein structure look like?

Answer 60

globs that all fit perfectly together like puzzle pieces

Question 61

How can proteins be denatured?

Answer 61

by change in pH, temperature, and salt concentration

Question 62

What do we use proteins for?

Answer 62

Antibodies, Hormones, Transport Proteins, and enzymes (catalysts)

Question 63

What do enzymes do?

Answer 63

causes chemical reactions to go faster (catalyst)

Question 64

what is the body of an enzyme made up of?

Answer 64

1 substrate and 1 active site (lock and key)

Question 65

Two types of nucleic acids:

Answer 65

nucleotides and ATP

Question 66

What are the three things that make up nucleotides?

Answer 66

Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

Question 67

Things that make up a nitrogenous base:

Answer 67

Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U)

Question 68

Difference between Hydrodlysis Dehydration Synthesis:

Answer 68

Hydrolysis releases energy and Dehydration synthesis requires it, hydrolysis breaks molecules down and dehydration synthesis builds molecules up, in hydrolysis water is added to the molecules to dissolve bonds, and in dehydration synthesis water is removed to bond molecules together