Chapter Four- Phonological Development Flashcards
1
Q
What are Speech Sounds?
A
- acoustic signals that language uses to express meaning
- different languages have different inventories of sounds they use (waves that go into the ear)
- distinctive features of sounds that a language uses to create a meaning contest (eg. Voicing and aspiration)
2
Q
What are bilabial sounds
A
-these are sounds occurring in the vocal tract and lips (two lips)
3
Q
Are vowels obstructed ?
A
no
4
Q
Are consonants obstructed?
A
yes, somewhere in the vocal tract
5
Q
Human vocal tract parts
A
- nasal cavity
- lips
- alveolar ridge
- teeth
- tongue
- larynx
- epiglottis
- vocal cords
- trachea
- esophagus
- lungs
6
Q
How does the air flow through the human vocal tract?
A
- from the lungs to the trachea, passes the larynx with the vocal cords vibrating then to the pharynx, depending on the sound air would stop either in the parts of the mouth or not at all
7
Q
What is Phonetics?
A
- the study of speech sounds, these are not the same as the alphabet letters
8
Q
What is phonology? How many sounds does the english language have?
A
- the sound system of language, contains 26 letters but we use 45 different sounds in english
9
Q
What is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
A
- a more detailed alphabet that accurately captures the sounds really being used
- each symbol can be pronounced only one way and every sound has its own symbol
10
Q
How do you read the Canadian English Consonants Chart?
A
- along the top: the place of articulation / where the sound is made
- along the left side: the manner of articulation / how the sound is made
- two symbols in the same box? left is voiceless and right is voiced
11
Q
What are the phonetic features of speech sounds?
A
- Manner of articulation
- Place are articulation
- Voicing
12
Q
What is the manner of articulation?
A
- it is the HOW the sound is made
- is the airflow blocked?
- vowels: the tongue does not block the air at all, the airflow is completely unobstructed !
- Stop- Consonants: the air is completely stopped and then released
- Fricatives: the air is partly blocked
- we also send air through the nasal passage for some sounds
13
Q
What is the place of articulation?
A
- WHERE the sound is made
- the tongue can also block airflow in many places from the front (/t/) of the mouth to the middle (/r/) to the back (/k/)
- we can also block airflow further down our throats as with the glottal stop
14
Q
What is Voicing ?
A
- WHEN the sound is made
- when the vocal cords start vibrating
- voiced: cords start vibrating early, usually before the sound is released
- voiceless: cords may not vibrate at all
- you can tell by touching your vocal cords
15
Q
Do voiced sounds Vibrate your vocal cords?
A
Yes