Chapter Four: Flashcards
What is the basic idea behind the theory of evolution?
All different species developed over time from simple life forms
What happens when an environment changes?(to a species)
A species survives or evolves
Who proposed the theory of Natural Selection?
Charles Darwin
What is the basic concept behind Natural Selection?
Individuals in a species show a wide range of variation . Individuals with characteristics more suited to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce. Passing successful genes onto their offspring
Name the ranks of classification in order:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Name the five kingdoms:
Animalia Plantae Fungi Prokaryotae Protoctista
What type of organisms belong in the Animalia Kingdom?
All multicellular organisms
What type of organisms belong in the Plantae Kingdom?
All green plants
What types of organisms belong in the Fungi Kingdom?
Moulds, mushrooms, yeast
What types of organisms belong in the Prokaryotae Kingdom?
Bacteria, blue-green algae
What types of organisms belong in the Protoctista Kingdom?
Amoeba, paramecium
What are fossils?
Imprints or remains of organisms that were alive millions of years ago
What is Ardi?
A female human-like fossilized skeleton
When does Ardi date back to?
4.4 million years ago
What is suggested by the bones in Ardi’s feet?
Humans and Chimpanzees evolved separately
What is Lucy?
A female human-like fossilized skeleton
When does Lucy date back to?
3.2 million years ago
What is suggested by Lucy’s bones?
She walked in an upright position, but possessed a small, ape-like skull
What also provides evidence for human evolution other than skeleton fossils?
Tools
How are the tools dated?
The tools are date from the environments they were found from
How are Polar Bears adapted for survival in the arctic?
- white appearance
- thick layers of fat and fur
- small surface area to volume ratio to minimise heat loss
- greasy coat that sheds water after swimming
What suggests that are vertebrates descend from one common ancestor?
They all have similar bone structure
What is selective breeding?
People taking charge of selection to produce new varieties of a species
What is the purpose of GM (genetic modification)?
To produce a unique set of genes by swapping genes across species
