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Biology Higher GCSE Edexcel > Chapter Four: > Flashcards

Chapter Four: Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the basic idea behind the theory of evolution?

A

All different species developed over time from simple life forms

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2
Q

What happens when an environment changes?(to a species)

A

A species survives or evolves

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3
Q

Who proposed the theory of Natural Selection?

A

Charles Darwin

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4
Q

What is the basic concept behind Natural Selection?

A

Individuals in a species show a wide range of variation . Individuals with characteristics more suited to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce. Passing successful genes onto their offspring

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5
Q

Name the ranks of classification in order:

A 
Kingdom
Phylum 
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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6
Q

Name the five kingdoms:

A 
Animalia 
Plantae 
Fungi
Prokaryotae
Protoctista
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7
Q

What type of organisms belong in the Animalia Kingdom?

A

All multicellular organisms

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8
Q

What type of organisms belong in the Plantae Kingdom?

A

All green plants

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9
Q

What types of organisms belong in the Fungi Kingdom?

A

Moulds, mushrooms, yeast

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10
Q

What types of organisms belong in the Prokaryotae Kingdom?

A

Bacteria, blue-green algae

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11
Q

What types of organisms belong in the Protoctista Kingdom?

A

Amoeba, paramecium

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12
Q

What are fossils?

A

Imprints or remains of organisms that were alive millions of years ago

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13
Q

What is Ardi?

A

A female human-like fossilized skeleton

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14
Q

When does Ardi date back to?

A

4.4 million years ago

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15
Q

What is suggested by the bones in Ardi’s feet?

A

Humans and Chimpanzees evolved separately

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16
Q

What is Lucy?

A

A female human-like fossilized skeleton

17
Q

When does Lucy date back to?

A

3.2 million years ago

18
Q

What is suggested by Lucy’s bones?

A

She walked in an upright position, but possessed a small, ape-like skull

19
Q

What also provides evidence for human evolution other than skeleton fossils?

A

Tools

20
Q

How are the tools dated?

A

The tools are date from the environments they were found from

21
Q

How are Polar Bears adapted for survival in the arctic?

A
  • white appearance
  • thick layers of fat and fur
  • small surface area to volume ratio to minimise heat loss
  • greasy coat that sheds water after swimming
22
Q

What suggests that are vertebrates descend from one common ancestor?

A

They all have similar bone structure

23
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

People taking charge of selection to produce new varieties of a species

24
Q

What is the purpose of GM (genetic modification)?

A

To produce a unique set of genes by swapping genes across species

Biology Higher GCSE Edexcel (4 decks)

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