Chapter Four (4.1 - 4.4) Flashcards
What is epithelial tissue?
covers exposed surfaces,lines passageways,forms glands
What is Connective tissue?
fills internal spaces,supports,transpores,stores energy
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
Provides physical protection,controls permeability,produces secretions, and provides sensations
What is the Apical surface?
“Free” unattached surface; where secretions are put into
What is the basal surface?
Attachment along the bottom of epi cells to deeper cells or tissures at basement membrane.
What is the basal lamina?
Clear, thin layer that act like filter (filtation)
What is the reticular lamina?
Dense layer with thick fibers that provides strength and filtration
What is Cellularity?
Epi tissues are almost made entirely of cells that are tightly attached to one another. (No space between epi cells)
What is attachement?
Epi cells are attachment to other epi cells and to basement membrance
What are CAMs?
Very small transmembrane proteins that function to connect large areas of plama membrane. (holds two cells together)
What are cell junctions?
Areas of the plasma membrane that form specific & localized connections
What are gap junctions?
Forms opening between cells, and allows rapid communication between cells.
What are tight junctions?
Cells tightly bound together to prevent fluids and solutes from passing between cells
What are desomsomes?
Help cells endure the mechanincal stress (movement) (strong, durable connections)
What are spot desomosomes?
Tie adajacent cells together along the lateral surfaces
What are hemidesomes?
attach cells to the basement membrane
What is avascularity?
all epihelial cells lack blood vessels
What is regeneration?
epithelial cells are continually being replaced for maintenance & repair of epi tissue
What is mesothelium?
lines body cavity
What is endothelium?
lines the interior of heart & blood vessels
What is keratinized?
Has keratin protein for strength & water resistance(forms outer layer of skin)
Where is non-keratinized
lines the inside of the mouth,esophagus,& vagina
What are glands?
Collection of epi tissue that produces secreation
What are exocrine glands?
Secretions are discharged into ducts & go to epi surfaces
What are endocrine glands?
No ducts, release hormones that enter blood
Where are the mucous cells found at?
scattered along pseudostratifed ciliated columnar epi. of respiratory tract
Where are globlet cells found at?
Scattered along simple columnar epi of digestive tract
What are serous glands?
produce thin,watery secretions containing enzymes
What are mixed exocrine glands?
both serous & mucous gland cells and produce secretion
What is merocrine secretion?
product release by exocytosis of secretory vesicles (ex: sweat glands) Doesn’t damage cell
What is apocrine secretion?
Product released by shedding of cytoplasm at apical surface, Cell is damaged & have to regenerate (ex: mammary glands)
What is a holocrine secretion?
Released by cells bursting, kills gland cells & gland cells are replaced by stem cells
What is the function of connective tissue?
Structrual framework for body providing strength & stability
What are fibroblast?
Found in all catergories of C.T proper, while it secretes the ground substance & protein fibers of matrix
What are fibrocytes?
Maintains fibers of C.T. proper and keeps in order
What are adipocytes?
Fat cells, and stores energy
What are mesenchymal cells?
stem cells that respond to injury or infection(regrows any C.T. tissue cell type)
What are Melanocytes?
synthesize & stores brown pigment called melanin
What are mast cells?
cells stimulate inflammation after injury or infection
What are macrophages?
large ameoba like cells of immune system(fixed macrophges stay in tissue, macrophges migrate in & out)
What are microphages?
Phagocytic white blood cells(respond to signals from other cells)
What are lymphocytes?
Type of white blood cell that is also specialized immune cell of lymphatic system(produce antibodies/defense)
What is collagen fibers?
thick,long,straight,unbranched,strong, & flexible (resist force in ONE direction (ex: tendons & ligaments)
What is reticular fibers?
Forms network of interwoven fibers that stabilizes cells & structures, thin & branching, strong & flexible. (Resist forces in MANY directions)
What is elastic fibers?
Found in tissues that need to stretch then return to original length after stretching. (Contain elastic protein, branched & wavy) (ex: aorta)
What is ground substance?
clear,colorless,& visocosity(thickness) fills spaces between cells & fibers & slows pathogen movement
