Chapter Four (4.1 - 4.4)

Question 1

What is epithelial tissue?

Answer 1

covers exposed surfaces,lines passageways,forms glands

Question 2

What is Connective tissue?

Answer 2

fills internal spaces,supports,transpores,stores energy

Question 3

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

Provides physical protection,controls permeability,produces secretions, and provides sensations

Question 4

What is the Apical surface?

Answer 4

“Free” unattached surface; where secretions are put into

Question 5

What is the basal surface?

Answer 5

Attachment along the bottom of epi cells to deeper cells or tissures at basement membrane.

Question 6

What is the basal lamina?

Answer 6

Clear, thin layer that act like filter (filtation)

Question 7

What is the reticular lamina?

Answer 7

Dense layer with thick fibers that provides strength and filtration

Question 8

What is Cellularity?

Answer 8

Epi tissues are almost made entirely of cells that are tightly attached to one another. (No space between epi cells)

Question 9

What is attachement?

Answer 9

Epi cells are attachment to other epi cells and to basement membrance

Question 10

What are CAMs?

Answer 10

Very small transmembrane proteins that function to connect large areas of plama membrane. (holds two cells together)

Question 11

What are cell junctions?

Answer 11

Areas of the plasma membrane that form specific & localized connections

Question 12

What are gap junctions?

Answer 12

Forms opening between cells, and allows rapid communication between cells.

Question 13

What are tight junctions?

Answer 13

Cells tightly bound together to prevent fluids and solutes from passing between cells

Question 14

What are desomsomes?

Answer 14

Help cells endure the mechanincal stress (movement) (strong, durable connections)

Question 15

What are spot desomosomes?

Answer 15

Tie adajacent cells together along the lateral surfaces

Question 16

What are hemidesomes?

Answer 16

attach cells to the basement membrane

Question 17

What is avascularity?

Answer 17

all epihelial cells lack blood vessels

Question 18

What is regeneration?

Answer 18

epithelial cells are continually being replaced for maintenance & repair of epi tissue

Question 19

What is mesothelium?

Answer 19

lines body cavity

Question 20

What is endothelium?

Answer 20

lines the interior of heart & blood vessels

Question 21

What is keratinized?

Answer 21

Has keratin protein for strength & water resistance(forms outer layer of skin)

Question 22

Where is non-keratinized

Answer 22

lines the inside of the mouth,esophagus,& vagina

Question 23

What are glands?

Answer 23

Collection of epi tissue that produces secreation

Question 24

What are exocrine glands?

Answer 24

Secretions are discharged into ducts & go to epi surfaces

Question 25

What are endocrine glands?

Answer 25

No ducts, release hormones that enter blood

Question 26

Where are the mucous cells found at?

Answer 26

scattered along pseudostratifed ciliated columnar epi. of respiratory tract

Question 27

Where are globlet cells found at?

Answer 27

Scattered along simple columnar epi of digestive tract

Question 28

What are serous glands?

Answer 28

produce thin,watery secretions containing enzymes

Question 29

What are mixed exocrine glands?

Answer 29

both serous & mucous gland cells and produce secretion

Question 30

What is merocrine secretion?

Answer 30

product release by exocytosis of secretory vesicles (ex: sweat glands) Doesn’t damage cell

Question 31

What is apocrine secretion?

Answer 31

Product released by shedding of cytoplasm at apical surface, Cell is damaged & have to regenerate (ex: mammary glands)

Question 32

What is a holocrine secretion?

Answer 32

Released by cells bursting, kills gland cells & gland cells are replaced by stem cells

Question 33

What is the function of connective tissue?

Answer 33

Structrual framework for body providing strength & stability

Question 34

What are fibroblast?

Answer 34

Found in all catergories of C.T proper, while it secretes the ground substance & protein fibers of matrix

Question 35

What are fibrocytes?

Answer 35

Maintains fibers of C.T. proper and keeps in order

Question 36

What are adipocytes?

Answer 36

Fat cells, and stores energy

Question 37

What are mesenchymal cells?

Answer 37

stem cells that respond to injury or infection(regrows any C.T. tissue cell type)

Question 38

What are Melanocytes?

Answer 38

synthesize & stores brown pigment called melanin

Question 39

What are mast cells?

Answer 39

cells stimulate inflammation after injury or infection

Question 40

What are macrophages?

Answer 40

large ameoba like cells of immune system(fixed macrophges stay in tissue, macrophges migrate in & out)

Question 41

What are microphages?

Answer 41

Phagocytic white blood cells(respond to signals from other cells)

Question 42

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 42

Type of white blood cell that is also specialized immune cell of lymphatic system(produce antibodies/defense)

Question 43

What is collagen fibers?

Answer 43

thick,long,straight,unbranched,strong, & flexible (resist force in ONE direction (ex: tendons & ligaments)

Question 44

What is reticular fibers?

Answer 44

Forms network of interwoven fibers that stabilizes cells & structures, thin & branching, strong & flexible. (Resist forces in MANY directions)

Question 45

What is elastic fibers?

Answer 45

Found in tissues that need to stretch then return to original length after stretching. (Contain elastic protein, branched & wavy) (ex: aorta)

Question 46

What is ground substance?

Answer 46

clear,colorless,& visocosity(thickness) fills spaces between cells & fibers & slows pathogen movement