chapter four

Question 1

how many electrons does carbon have?

Answer 1

6

Question 2

what 3 shapes can carbon chains be?

Answer 2

linear, branched, ringed

Question 3

isomers

Answer 3

same formula but different structures

Question 4

structural isomers

Answer 4

different covalent pattern

Question 5

cis isomer

Answer 5

two lipids are on the same side

Question 6

trans isomer

Answer 6

two lipids are on opposite sides

Question 7

enantiomers

Answer 7

pattern around control carbon creates mirror images

Question 8

hydroxyl group

Answer 8

-OH, polar, hydron bonds with water

Question 9

carbonyl group

Answer 9

C = O, ketone (middle), aldehyde (end)

Question 10

carboxyl group

Answer 10

C = O and - OH, acts as an acid

Question 11

amino group

Answer 11

acts as a base, only group with nitrogen

Question 12

sulfhydryl group

Answer 12

-SH, forms a disulfide bridge from reaction to help stabilize protein structure, only group with sulfur

Question 13

phosphate group

Answer 13

negative charge, DNA and ATP, only group with phosphorus

Question 14

methyl group

Answer 14

-CH3, nonpolar covalent bonds