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GCSE Child Development > chapter five > Flashcards

chapter five Flashcards

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1
Q

sensory mouthing

A

using the mouth to explore (touch, taste, smell, feel)objects

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2
Q

object permanence

A

understanding that something exists even when it can no longer be seen

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3
Q

cognitive

A

to do with knowledge in the widest sense, involving a range of skills and understanding concepts

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4
Q

language

A

a means of communication

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5
Q

nature

A

qualities that are inherited

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6
Q

nurture

A

qualities that come from experience and environment

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7
Q

concept

A

a general idea used to sort out and understand the environment

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8
Q

imagination

A

the use of thinking to visualise and plan ideas

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9
Q

creativity

A

being able to express oneself in different ways

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10
Q

egocentricity

A

not taking anyone else’s view or needs into account

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11
Q

conservation

A

understanding that things can be the same even if they look different

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12
Q

concentration

A

the ability to focus for a period of time

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13
Q

conceptualization

A

the organisation of thinking and understanding

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14
Q

reasoning

A

understanding the cause and effect of our actions

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15
Q

memory

A

the power to store and retrieve information in the mind

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16
Q

problem solving

A

the ability to think of ways to sort out a problem, puzzle or difficult situation

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17
Q

verbal

A

spoken

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18
Q

non-verbal

A

unspoken

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19
Q

passive vocabulary

A

words that are understood but not used (in speech)

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20
Q

active vocabulary

A

use of speech or signs

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21
Q

turn-taking

A

coos and gurgles in response to words and sounds from a carer

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22
Q

monosyllabic babbling

A

repetitive sounds for example ‘dadada’

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23
Q

polysyllabic sounds

A

changes in tone and pitch, for example ‘mememomo’

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24
Q

jargon

A

words that are not recognised by others easily

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25
Q

holophrase

A

a word that is used to describe more than one object belonging to a group

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26
Q

echolalia

A

repeating the last word or sound heard

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27
Q

telegraphic speech

A

short sentences that lack ‘joining’ words

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28
Q

motherese

A

the tone of voice often used by adults when talking to babies

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29
Q

emergent writing

A

a child’s first attempts at forming letters as a means of communication. Patterns of letter-type shapes are often seen first, with children then trying to write their own name or a caption for their drawing

30
Q

socialization

A

learning the behaviour and cultural expectations of family and society

31
Q

primary socialization

A

the influences of family and immediate social circle on social development

32
Q

secondary socialization

A

the influences from the wider community for example teachers, friends, church leaders, etc on social development

33
Q

discipline

A

the setting of boundaries and expectations of behaviour

34
Q

bonding

A

the strong emotional tie between child and main carer, usually starts at birth

35
Q

separation anxiety

A

the concern shown by very young children when left by their main carer

36
Q

self-image

A

your identify who you think you are

37
Q

self-esteem

A

how you feel about yourself

38
Q

emotions

A

feelings

39
Q

comforter

A

thumb or other item that soothes and comforts a child

40
Q

solitary play

A

the first stage of play in which children play alone

41
Q

parallel play

A

the second stage of play in which children play alongside but not with each other

42
Q

looking-on play

A

the third stage of play in which children observe and learn from what others are doing

43
Q

joining in play

A

the fourth stage of play where very simple signs of cooperation and playing together are seen

44
Q

cooperative play

A

the fifth and final stage of play where children work together to complete tasks and role play together

45
Q

stereotyping

A

making generalisation about a person rather than seeing them as an individual

46
Q

discipline

A

upholding rules of good behaviour

47
Q

bullying

A

hurting or intimidating someone weaker

48
Q

tantrum

A

a loss of control of emotions

49
Q

positive reinforcement

A

giving praise and rewards for good behavior (and ignoring bad behavior)

50
Q

boundaries

A

clear limits within which the children have to stay

51
Q

sanction

A

a punishment where something is taken away

52
Q

regressive behavior

A

displays of behaviour reverting to that of a younger age

53
Q

play deprivation (play malnourishment )

A

where children are not given enough opportunities to play freely without adult organisation and intervention

54
Q

play based learning

A

where learning opportunities were provided through play

55
Q

structured play

A

play that is organised by adults and often has a pre-set outcome

56
Q

spontaneous play

A

play in which children choose how and what they do freely

57
Q

creative

A

expressing yourself in different ways

58
Q

discovery play

A

play using all the senses

59
Q

special needs

A

a term used for children who need extra or different help to support their development

60
Q

3D (three dimensional)

A

a solid shape with height, length and depth

61
Q

small-world play

A

where children play out their understanding of the world in miniature using model farms, railways etc

62
Q

hand-eye coordination

A

ability to manipulate something using vision to coordinate hands.

63
Q

story sack

A

a bag of toys, games and objects linked to a specific story

64
Q

storyboards

A

a sequence of visual images from a story set out by children as the story progresses

65
Q

household play

A

play (safely) using everyday objects from around the home

66
Q

sure start

A

a government programme aiming to provide a good start in life for all children

67
Q

bookstart

A

an organisation that promotes the value of books and reading to families and children

68
Q

bookstart and different needs

A

a Bookstart initiative providing information on different types of books via the Bookstart website

69
Q

bookstart book crawl

A

a Bookstart scheme to encourage parents and children to use the library

70
Q

book touch

A

a Bookstart pack for blind and partially sighted babies and children

GCSE Child Development (8 decks)

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