Chapter Five Flashcards
Passive v Active transport
No passive transport does not require energy and goes from a high to low concentration gradient while active transport goes high to low concentration gradient and requires energy
Protein pump
Using energy to pump molecules across a membrane typically from low high concentration gradient, active transport
Endocytosis
a cellular process where a cell takes in substances from its surrounding environment by engulfing them within a small pocket of the cell membrane, which then pinches off to form a vesicle inside the cell, effectively bringing the material into the cell’s interior
Exocytosis
a cellular process where a cell actively transports large molecules, like proteins or hormones, out of the cell by fusing a membrane-bound vesicle containing the molecules with the cell membrane, releasing its contents into the extracellular space
Osmosis
Diffusion of water, passive
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration gradient, passive
Facilitated diffusion
Movement of molecules from low concentration with the help of another molecules typically a protien
Dynamic equilibrium
Concentration on both sides of the membrane are balanced
Hypertonic
Having a higher concentration than another substance
Hypotonic
Having a lower concentration than another substance
Isotonic
When concentration is equal to another substance
Kinetic energy
Movement energy
Potential energy
Energy due to a object, position or location
Heat Energy
Energy released during the transformation of energy hard to use and hard to capture increases entropy
Chemical energy
Energy stored in the bonds of molecule
Entropy
The randomness of movement of molecules in the universe
Activation energy
The amount of energy it takes to begin a reaction
Enzymes
A protein that catalyzes reactions by lowering activation energy
Active sites
Where a substrate binds to an enzyme
Induced fit
Where substrates binds to an enzyme and the enzyme forms around it
Competitive inhibition
When an inhibitor takes the place of an enzyme in the active site
Noncompetitive inhibition
When an inhibitor binds to another spot of the enzyme to change the shape of a active site
