Chapter 9 Flashcards
Genetics
study of heredity
Heredity
the transmission oof treats from one generation to the next
Characters
heritable features that vary
Purebreeds
varieties for which self-fertilization produces identical offspring
Hybrids
a cross between two different purebreds
Monohybrid
a cross in which only one trait is being studied
Dihybrid
a cross in which two trait is being studied
Homozygous
having identical alleles for a gene
Heterozygous
having two different alleles for a gene
Dominant allele
will likely determine the organism’s phenotype
Recessive allele
likely won’t affect an organism’s phenotype, can be masked
Law of segregation
a gamete carries only one allele for each inherited trait
Phenotype
The physical appearance
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
Gene locus
Where a gene sits along a chromosome
Law of independent assortment
each pair of alleles segregate independently of other pairs during genetic production
Rule of probability
The probability of something happening is calculated independently of each other
Wild-type traits
those most seen in nature
Pedigree
a family tree with genetic information
Incomplete dominance
a genetic phenomenon where two alleles blend to create a new phenotype
Co-dominance
a type of inheritance where two different versions of a gene are expressed, resulting in multiple traits in an individual
sex-linked
inheritance of traits that are influenced by genes on the sex chromosomes
polygenic
a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes
epigenetic
relating to changes, especially heritable changes, in the characteristics of a cell or organism that result from altered gene expression or other effects not involving changes to the DNA sequence itself
Pleitropy
the phenomenon in which a single locus affects two or more distinct phenotypic traits
Linked genes
genes that are located close together on the same chromosome and are usually inherited together
Antibodies
bind to foreign bodies as flags for the immune system
Blood type
Determined by certain carbohydrates on the outside of the cell, to which antibodies bind to
