Chapter Five

Question 1

What are ionic compounds made up of

Answer 1

A concentration of atoms or groups of atoms where electrons are transferred from one to another

Question 2

General properties of ionic compounds

Answer 2

• High melting point
• High boiling point
• Hard but brittle (not malleable or ductile)
• Does not conduct electricity in the solid state
• Good conductors in the liquid state or aqueous
• Varies from soluble to insoluble in water

Question 3

Structure of ionic bonding

Answer 3

• No free moving electrons
• Charged particles are not free to move in the solid state, when it melts they become free to move and conduct electricity
• 3D lattice (crystal lattice
• Large number of cations and anions

Question 4

What is ionic bonding

Answer 4

The force of electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions through the bonding of a non-metal and a metal

Question 5

Polyatomic ions

Answer 5

• Ions containing 2 or more atoms (can be from different elements)
• Fixed ratio
• Subscripts are used to indicate the ratio of ions in the crystal lattice

Question 6

Empirical formula

Answer 6

Simplest whole number ratios of particles

Question 7

What is the valency of an atom

Answer 7

The measurement of its ability to bond with other atoms

Question 8

What happens to the name of polyatomic ions that contain oxygen

Answer 8

They usually end in ‘ite’ or ‘ate’

Question 9

What happens to the name of simple non-metals in ionic bonding

Answer 9

They stay the same but end with ‘ide’

Question 10

What happens to the name of metals in ionic bonding

Answer 10

Nothing, they stay the same

Question 11

Steps of ionic bonding

Answer 11

• One set of atoms (generally metal) lose electrons and become positively charged ions
• These lost electrons are transferred to the other set of atoms
• The other set of atoms (generally non-metal) become negatively charged ions

Question 12

Why do ionic compounds have a high melting point

Answer 12

Because a high amount of energy is required to overcome the electrostatic attraction between ions

Question 13

Electrolyte

Answer 13

A solution or molten substance that conducts electricity by means of the movement of ions

Question 14

Why do metal atoms lose electrons in ionic bonding

Answer 14

They have weakly held valence electrons due to low ionisation energies and electronegativity

Question 15

Why do non-metals gain the electrons in ionic bonding

Answer 15

They have strongly held valence electrons due to their high ionisation energies an electronegativity

Question 16

Rules for writing a chemical formula

Answer 16

• Write the symbol for the positively charged ion first
• Use subscripts to indicate the number of each ion in the formula
• Do not include the charges of the ions in a balanced formula

Question 17

Rules for writing polyatomic ion formulae

Answer 17

• If different elements are present then they are combined into fixed ratios
• The group of atoms have a single unit with a specific charge
• Subscripts are used to indicate the number of each kind of atom in the ion

Question 18

What happens if more than one polyatomic ion is required in a formula to balance the charge

Answer 18

Brackets with the required subscript after them are placed