Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Chapter Eight > Flashcards

Chapter Eight Flashcards

Organic compounds

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Properties of crude oil

A
  • Low density
  • Not used in raw state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is crude oil created

A

The sediment of bacteria, plankton and dead animals is effected by temperature and pressure causing oils and organic fats to be converted into hydrocarbons > this mixture of hydrocarbons is crude oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is hydrocarbons made out of

A

Only hydrogen and carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of carbon-carbon bonds do alkanes have

A

Single carbon-carbon bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an alkane said to be

A

Saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Homologous series

A

A series of molecules where each one differs by CH2 from the previous member

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Compounds of the same homologous series have

A
  • A similar structure
  • A pattern to their physical properties
  • Similar chemical properties
  • The same general formula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens when the number of carbons and the size of the molecules increase within a homologous series

A

The strength of the forces between molecules increase and so the melting and boiling point of the alkanes increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stem name

A

Indicates how many carbon atoms are in the molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Meth-

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Eth-

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prop-

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

But-

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pent-

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hex-

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hept-

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oct-

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Non-

A

9

19
Q

Dec-

A

10

20
Q

How are alkanes names

A

By adding ‘ane’ to the end of the stem name

21
Q

General formula for alkanes

A

Cn H2n+2

n = number of carbon atoms

22
Q

Structural formulae

A

Shows all bonds in the molecule but lone pairs are omitted

23
Q

Condensed structural formulae

A

Shows the atom that are connected to each carbon but not the bonds

24
Q

Structural isomers

A

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms

25
Q

CH3 (alkyl group)

A

Methyl side group

26
Q

CH2CH3 (alkyl group)

A

Ethyl side group

27
Q

Alkyl group general formula

A

Cn H2n+1

28
Q

What kind of bonds do alkenes have

A

Double or even triple

29
Q

What are alkenes said to be

A

Unsaturated

30
Q

Are alkanes or alkenes mmore reactive

A

Alkenes

31
Q

What are alkenes

A

A homologous series of hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond

32
Q

What are alkanes

A

Hydrocarbons that only contain single carbon-carbon bonds

33
Q

Cis-trans isomers

A

Atoms that are joined in the same order but have different arrangements in space

34
Q

Can 2 atoms move around a single bond

A

Yes. Free rotation occurs around a single bond

35
Q

Can 2 atoms move around a double bond

A

No. The double bond locks atoms into place and there is no rotation

36
Q

Cis isomers

A

The same group on each carbon is on the same side of the bond

37
Q

Trans isomers

A

The same group on each carbon is on the opposite sides of the bond

38
Q

Benzene

A

C6H6

39
Q

Substitution reactions include

A
  • Presence of UV light
  • One of the carbon-hydron bonds turn into carbon-halogen
  • Inorganic product formed
  • Requires a catalyst
40
Q

Addition reactions include

A
  • Adding a small molecule to the bond
  • Double bond ‘opens’ becomes a single bond
  • Unsaturated becomes saturated
  • No inorganic product formed
41
Q

Hydration reactions involve

A

Water

42
Q

In complete combustion reactions

A
  • Supply of oxygen is plentiful
  • Water and CO2 is the product
  • Release a significant amount of energy
43
Q

In incomplete combustion reactions

A
  • Supply of oxygen is limited
  • CO is formed instead of CO2
44
Q

What is a combustion reaction

A

The reaction between fuels and oxygen

Chemistry (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions