Chapter Eight : Structures and Nomenclatures of Organic Compounds Flashcards
Alkanes
Saturated
Single bonds
CnH2n+2
First four are gases at room temp
Alkenes
Double bonds
CnH2n
Unsaturated
Alkynes
Triple bonds
Unsaturated
CnH2n-2
Carbon rings
Cyclo-
Benzene C6H6 where the double bonds alternate
Aromatic compounds
Alcohol functional group
-OH
Hydroxyl
-ol
Aldehyde functional group
-COH
-al
Named from C=O bond
Ketone functional group
-C=O
Ketone
-one
Carboxylic acid functional group
-COOH
-oic acid
carboxyl group
weak acids
Ester functional group
-COO
alkyl alkanoate
Amine functional group
- NH2
- amine
Amide functional group
- CONH2
- amide
Haloalkanes functional group
-Cl/-Br/-I
chloro-/bromo-/iodo-
Alcohol classification
Primary - COH is attached to one other C atom
Secondary - COH is attached to 2 other C atoms
Tertiary - COH is attached to 3 other C atoms
Priority scale for naming
Carboxylic acid Ester Aldehyde Ketone Alcohol Amine Alkyne/alkene Alkane