Chapter Dos

Question 1

What is norms?

Answer 1

Culture/standard behavior within a society that result to commonality and unity

Question 2

Why do we need norms?

Answer 2

to guide us

Question 3

What is the role of Ethics?

Answer 3

Guides man to apply his moral principles and follow the directions to his ultimate destiny

Question 4

Differentiate Morality and Sin

Answer 4

Morality - sustains life; is constructive; solves problems

Sin - destroys life; is destructive; creates problems

Question 5

What are the different Moral Contemporaries

Answer 5

1. Deontological Ethics
2. Consequentialism
3. Utilitarianism
4. Pragmatism
5. Altruism
6. Subjectivism
7. Pacifism
8. Humanism
9. Anarchism
10. Existentialism
11. Eudamonism

Question 6

the theory of duty or moral obligation

Answer 6

DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS or ETHICS OF DUTY

Question 7

the ends justify the means

Answer 7

CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 8

the ethical doctrine which believes that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility.

Answer 8

UTILITARIANISM

Question 9

the meaning of concepts and morally good actions are to be sought in their practical bearings

Answer 9

PRAGMATISM

Question 10

is a code of ethics which holds the welfare of others as the standard of “good”
and self-sacrifice as the only moral action.

Answer 10

ALTRUISM

Question 11

The belief that values are subjective

This means that values are whatever
we choose to pursue and whatever we desire.

Answer 11

SUBJECTIVISM

Question 12

the moral principle which advocates that the use of force is wrong for any reason.

This applies to both the initiation of force, as well as defensive or retaliatory force.

Answer 12

PACIFISM

Question 13

Expresses renewed confidence in the power of man
to respond positively to his own problems
and so discover new things for himself

Answer 13

HUMANISM

Question 14

rejects dependence on faith, the supernatural or

divinely revealed texts.

Answer 14

HUMANISM

Question 15

Expresses man’s freedom to express himself
without repression of any kind.

Freedom is the highest attainment of a humanity

Answer 15

ANARCHISM

Question 16

Emphasizing action, freedom, and decision as fundamental existentialism is opposed to rationalism and positivism. i.e., argues against definitions of human beings as primarily rational.

Answer 16

EXISTENTIALISM

Question 17

asserts that people actually make decisions based on what has meaning to them rather than what is rational.

Answer 17

EXISTENTIALISM

Question 18

Greek word ____which means

happiness

Answer 18

eudaimonia

Question 19

Refers to any conception of ethics that puts human happiness and the complete life of the individual at the center of ethical concern.

Answer 19

EUDAIMONISM

Question 20

EXPLAIN ALL CONTEMPORARIES

Answer 20

Ethics of Duty – Duty and the importance of MEANS
Consequentialism – END of an act
Utilitarianism – “Contribution” of the act
Pragmatism – Practicality of each act and decision
Altruism – on being “selfless” for the other
Subjectivism – importance of personal judgment and decision
Pacifism – everything can be dealt with no force. Violence can be avoided.
Humanism – the greatness of human capacity in shaping the society. Each individual has the capacity to change the community where he belongs.
Anarchism – Human freedom
Existentialism – find meaning from every act we perform
Eudaimonism – Happiness is and must be the goal of each individual. We have the right to be happy; to seek happiness.