Chapter: Ch 18 - Neurologic Emergencies Flashcards
- The peripheral nervous system is responsible for:
A) memory, understanding, and thought processes.
B) feeling and autonomic sensory and motor functions.
C) thought, perception, and voluntary motor functions.
D) sending messages to and receiving messages from the brain.
Ans: D
Page: 1038
Type: General Knowledge
2. Components of the diencephalon include the: A) pons and medulla. B) brainstem and midbrain. C) thalamus and hypothalamus. D) cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
Ans: C
Page: 1040
Type: General Knowledge
3. A person's level of consciousness is regulated by the: A) diencephalon. B) cerebral cortex. C) occipital lobe of the brain. D) reticular activating system.
Ans: D
Page: 1040-1041
Type: General Knowledge
4. What portion of the brainstem regulates respiratory rate and depth? A) Pons B) Medulla C) Midbrain D) Basal nuclei
Ans: A
Page: 1041
Type: General Knowledge
5. Emotions such as rage and anger are generated in the: A) thalamus. B) limbic system. C) hypothalamus. D) diencephalon.
Ans: B
Page: 1041
Type: General Knowledge
- Among other functions, the medulla oblongata:
A) directly regulates body temperature.
B) controls blood pressure and heart rate.
C) communicates with the pituitary gland.
D) sends messages to move skeletal muscles.
Ans: B
Page: 1041
Type: General Knowledge
7. A loss of balance and equilibrium suggests injury to the: A) midbrain. B) cerebrum. C) thalamus. D) cerebellum.
Ans: D
Page: 1041-1042
Type: General Knowledge
8. A synapse is: A) a cluster of sensory nerve cells. B) the body's main neurotransmitter. C) a slight gap between nerve cells. D) the point where a nerve cell terminates.
Ans: C
Page: 1042
Type: General Knowledge
9. Chemicals that relay electrically conducted signals from one neuron to another are called: A) hormones. B) endorphins. C) catecholamines. D) neurotransmitters.
Ans: D
Page: 1042
Type: General Knowledge
- When a neuron generates an electrical impulse, it first sends the signal:
A) along its axon to the axon terminal.
B) to the cell’s nucleus via a dendrite.
C) via neurotransmitters at the synapse.
D) to the cell’s dendrites simultaneously.
Ans: A
Page: 1042
Type: General Knowledge
- Myelin functions by:
A) allowing the neuron to send its signal consistently along the axon without losing its electricity.
B) insulating the neuron, thus decreasing the speed of electrical conduction between two neurons.
C) covering the neurons in the body that do not require rapid conduction of an electrical impulse.
D) briefly delaying the conduction of an electrical impulse between the synaptic cleft and dendrite.
Ans: A
Page: 1042-1043
Type: General Knowledge
12. A neoplasm is MOST accurately defined as a: A) normal cell. B) new growth. C) damaged cell. D) cancerous tumor.
Ans: B
Page: 1071
Type: General Knowledge
- In contrast to a benign neoplasm, a malignant neoplasm:
A) is relatively easy to remove surgically.
B) can metastasize to other parts of the body.
C) results in death in the vast majority of cases.
D) remains within a capsule and grows minimally.
Ans: B
Page: 1071-1072
Type: General Knowledge
14. Prehospital treatment for a patient with a suspected stroke may include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) 30° elevation of the head. B) diazepam or lorazepam. C) up to 325 mg of aspirin. D) crystalloid fluid boluses.
Ans: C
Page: 1061-1064
Type: General Knowledge
- Common reality is defined as:
A) one person’s perception of his or her surroundings.
B) a perceived thought that is not based on reality.
C) minimal shared reality between two individuals.
D) sensory stimulation that can be confirmed by others.
Ans: D
Page: 1051-1052
Type: General Knowledge
16. The MOST common sign of an infectious disease is the presence of: A) a fever. B) seizures. C) a headache. D) tachycardia.
Ans: A
Page: 1077
Type: General Knowledge
- When neurons are deprived of oxygen and glucose:
A) they convert to anaerobic metabolism.
B) they produce alkalotic waste products.
C) spontaneous intracerebral bleeding occurs.
D) the process of neuronal regeneration begins.
Ans: A
Page: 1058
Type: General Knowledge
- All of the following are examples of acute cerebrovascular emergencies, EXCEPT:
A) embolic blockage of a cerebral artery.
B) accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque.
C) rupture of a cerebral arterial aneurysm.
D) stroke secondary to thrombus rupture.
Ans: B
Page: 1058-1060
Type: General Knowledge
19. The MOST immediate and significant complication associated with a hemorrhagic stroke is: A) acute hypovolemic shock. B) hypertension and bradycardia. C) mean arterial pressure increase. D) increased intracranial pressure.
Ans: D
Page: 1060
Type: General Knowledge
20. As intracranial pressure rises: A) the heart rate acutely increases. B) the brain becomes hypocarbic. C) cerebral herniation may occur. D) mean arterial pressure decreases.
Ans: C
Page: 1060
Type: General Knowledge
21. What is the cerebral perfusion pressure of a patient with a mean arterial pressure of 80 mm Hg and an intracranial pressure of 5 mm Hg? A) 60 mm Hg B) 75 mm Hg C) 90 mm Hg D) 95 mm Hg
Ans: B
Page: 1060
Type: General Knowledge
22. Which of the following would MOST likely cause a sustained increase in intracranial pressure? A) Bearing down B) Frequent coughing C) Projectile vomiting D) Intracranial tumor
Ans: D
Page: 1060
Type: General Knowledge
23. Which of the following would have the MOST negative effect on the outcome of a patient with an intracranial hemorrhage? A) Hypotension B) Tachycardia C) Hypertension D) Slow rise in intracranial pressure
Ans: A
Page: 1060
Type: General Knowledge
- For any patient with an increase in intracranial pressure, the paramedic must:
A) avoid administering IV fluid boluses.
B) give glucose to prevent hypoglycemia.
C) maintain an adequate blood pressure.
D) take measures to lower blood pressure.
Ans: C
Page: 1061
Type: General Knowledge
- Hyperventilating a patient who has increased intracranial pressure (ICP) will:
A) dilate the cerebral vasculature and cause further increases in ICP.
B) constrict the cerebral vasculature and decrease cerebral perfusion.
C) increase the carbon dioxide levels in the brain through vasodilation.
D) decrease ICP and maintain adequate cerebral perfusion.
Ans: B
Page: 1061
Type: General Knowledge
- Management for a patient with a neurologic emergency begins by:
A) ensuring that the patient’s airway remains patent.
B) taking deliberate actions to ensure personal safety.
C) determining the degree of neurologic impairment.
D) protecting the patient from further injury or harm.
Ans: B
Page: 1043-1044
Type: General Knowledge
- Decerebrate posturing:
A) is characterized by abnormal flexion of the arms and extension of the lower extremities.
B) is considered less severe than decorticate posturing, because it indicates that the brainstem is intact.
C) is an early clinical finding, because it occurs with minimal increases in intracranial pressure.
D) is a more severe finding than decorticate posturing, as it indicates damage in or near the brainstem.
Ans: D
Page: 1050
Type: General Knowledge
28. All of the following cranial nerves are responsible for airway control, EXCEPT the: A) abducens. B) trigeminal. C) hypoglossal. D) glossopharyngeal.
Ans: A
Page: 1044
Type: General Knowledge
- Patients with trismus often require:
A) premedication with lidocaine before being intubated.
B) hyperventilation to reduce severe intracranial pressure.
C) sedation or chemical paralysis to facilitate airway control.
D) immediate tracheal intubation before the airway swells shut.
Ans: C
Page: 1044, 1057
Type: General Knowledge
- In contrast to patients in shock, patients with increased intracranial pressure MOST often experience:
A) systolic hypotension.
B) an increased diastolic blood pressure.
C) a widened pulse pressure.
D) tachycardia and tachypnea.
Ans: C
Page: 1045
Type: General Knowledge
31. What type of tremor occurs when a body part is placed in a particular position and required to maintain that position for a long period of time? A) Rest B) Postural C) Intention D) Jacksonian
Ans: B
Page: 1055
Type: General Knowledge
- Apneustic breathing is characterized by:
A) an irregular respiratory pattern with unpredictable periods of apnea.
B) a gradual increase and decrease in breathing with periods of apnea.
C) extreme tachypnea and hyperpnea with a fruity or acetone breath odor.
D) a prolonged inspiratory phase with a shortened expiratory phase and bradypnea.
Ans: D
Page: 1045
Type: General Knowledge