Chapter 21 Genitourinary and Renal Emergencies Flashcards
- Which of the following statements regarding the renal system is correct?
A) Urinary tract infections are more prevalent in men.
B) The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space.
C) Urinary tract infections are the most common renal disease.
D) The urethra transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Ans: B
Page: 1161
Type: General Knowledge
2. The renal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the middle layer of the kidney and includes the renal pyramids. A) cortex B) medulla C) calyces D) capsule
Ans: B
Page: 1162
Type: General Knowledge
3. The main filter for blood in the kidney is the: A) hilus. B) calyces. C) renal pyramid. D) glomerulus.
Ans: D
Page: 1162
Type: General Knowledge
4. The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the: A) nephron. B) medulla. C) renal cortex. D) podocyte.
Ans: A
Page: 1162
Type: General Knowledge
- The glomerular filtration rate is defined as the:
A) percentage of filtrate that remains in the kidneys.
B) amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys per minute.
C) volume of blood that flows through the kidneys per minute.
D) pressure in the glomerulus that forces filtrate from the blood.
Ans: B
Page: 1163
Type: General Knowledge
6. As the filtrate passes through the rest of the nephron, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion convert it to: A) salt. B) water. C) urine. D) glucose.
Ans: C
Page: 1163
Type: General Knowledge
7. After the cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule remove all organic nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the filtrate, additional reabsorption of water and electrolytes occurs in the: A) glomerulus. B) macula densa. C) loop of Henle. D) distal convoluted tubule.
Ans: C
Page: 1163
Type: General Knowledge
8. When triggered by changes in the blood pressure, the juxtaglomerular cells release: A) renin. B) aldosterone. C) angiotensin I. D) angiotensinogen.
Ans: A
Page: 1163
Type: General Knowledge
9. Angiotensin II: A) relaxes smooth muscle. B) decreases sodium reabsorption. C) decreases blood pressure. D) is a potent vasoconstrictor.
Ans: D
Page: 1163
Type: General Knowledge
- When the solute concentration of the blood increases:
A) water is excreted from the body by the kidneys.
B) antidiuretic hormone is released into the bloodstream.
C) the release of angiotensin II causes the blood pressure to fall.
D) the distal convoluted tubule becomes less permeable to water.
Ans: B
Page: 1164
Type: General Knowledge
- Aldosterone produces all of the following physiologic effects, EXCEPT:
A) increased water reabsorption by the kidneys.
B) retention of potassium ions in the body.
C) increased sodium and chloride reabsorption.
D) decreased reabsorption of potassium ions.
Ans: B
Page: 1164
Type: General Knowledge
- Furosemide (Lasix) causes diuresis by:
A) increasing circulating blood glucose.
B) converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
C) inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
D) inhibiting the production of antidiuretic hormone.
Ans: C
Page: 1164
Type: General Knowledge
- Diuril would MOST likely be prescribed to a patient with:
A) congestive heart failure.
B) persistent hypokalemia.
C) a decreased cardiac output.
D) vasoconstriction-induced hypertension.
Ans: A
Page: 1164
Type: General Knowledge
- The micturition reflex:
A) produces the urge to void.
B) collapses the walls of the bladder.
C) is regulated by one of the cranial nerves.
D) causes relaxation of the urinary sphincter.
Ans: A
Page: 1164
Type: General Knowledge
15. In contrast to the male urethra, the female urethra: A) is approximately 20 cm long. B) is divided into three regions. C) consists of a prostatic urethra. D) is significantly shorter in length.
Ans: D
Page: 1164
Type: General Knowledge
- Most urinary tract infections:
A) are asymptomatic and are diagnosed when a urinalysis is performed during a routine physical exam.
B) occur in women due to the relatively short urethra and its close proximity to the vagina and rectum.
C) involve the lower urinary tract in males because the urethra’s large surface area can house more bacteria.
D) are the result of viruses or fungi entering the external urethral opening secondary to poor personal hygiene.
Ans: B
Page: 1169
Type: General Knowledge
- Which of the following statements regarding pyelonephritis is correct?
A) Untreated pyelonephritis typically heals spontaneously.
B) Most cases of pyelonephritis occur in the lower urinary tract.
C) Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the linings of the kidney.
D) In pyelonephritis, the ureters become inflamed and infected.
Ans: C
Page: 1169
Type: General Knowledge
18. Common signs and symptoms of a lower urinary tract infection include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) gross hematuria. B) painful urination. C) increased urinary frequency. D) localized pain in the pelvis.
Ans: A
Page: 1169
Type: General Knowledge
- The pain associated with a kidney stone MOST often:
A) is described by the patient as a dull ache.
B) begins as a sharp pain in the right upper quadrant.
C) radiates from the umbilicus to the pubic symphysis.
D) begins in the flank region and radiates to the groin.
Ans: D
Page: 1170
Type: General Knowledge
20. A renal calculus that has become lodged in a lower ureter would likely produce all of the following signs and symptoms, EXCEPT: A) fever. B) hematuria. C) urinary urgency. D) painful urination.
Ans: A
Page: 1170
Type: General Knowledge
21. The MOST important therapy the paramedic can administer to a patient with an isolated renal calculus is: A) oxygen. B) rehydration. C) analgesia. D) an antiemetic.
Ans: C
Page: 1170
Type: General Knowledge
22. A marked decrease in urine output is called: A) anuria. B) oliguria. C) dysuria. D) polyuria.
Ans: B
Page: 1170
Type: General Knowledge