Chapter 9b Flashcards
proliferation
process of increasing cell number by mitotic division
differentiation
process by which become specialized in terms of function
what is phase one of connective tissue repair
hemostasis, angiogenesis, and ingrowth of granulation tissue
what is phase two of connective tissue repair
emigration of fibroblasts and deposition of the extracellular matrix
what is phase three of connective tissue repair
maturation and reorganization of the fibrous tissue
granulation tissue
red, moist connective tissue and is composed of newly formed capillaries, through a process known as angiogenesis, and fibrolasts
what are the three different cutaneous wound healing
- primary intention
- secondary intention
- delayed primary intention
primary intention
- margin of the wound is in close proximity to each other (stitches)
- blood clots gonna be smaller, scar is gonna be smaller
- no tissue loss
secondary intention
- slower and results in the formation of large amounts of scar formation - do not have well approximate edges of the wound
- tissue loss
healing by delayed primary distention
combination of healing by primary and secondary intention
3 phases of cutaneous wound healing
- inflammatory phase
- proliferative phase
- remodeling phase
inflammatory phase
- starts right after the injury and preps the wound for healing
- Hemostasis: clot formation
- Vascular phase: vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation
- Cellular phase: migration of phagocytic cells that digest and remove invading organism and cellular debris – cleaning up the site
proliferative phase
- build up of new tissue to fill the wound space
- Formation of granulation tissue: tissue is fragile and bleeds easily
- Wounds that heal by second intention have more necrotic debris and exudate that must be removed and required a larger amount of granulation tissue
- Epithelialization: migration, proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells at the wound edges
remodeling phase
increase the strength of the wound
simple resolution
- No destruction of normal tissue; damaged tissue recovers
- Offending agent is neutralized and destroyed
- Structure returns to normal functioning
- do not lose function
regeneration
- Replacement of lost or necrotic tissue with tissue that is structurally and functionally identical
- Healthy neighboring cells undergo mitosis and proliferate to replace the cells lost in the tissue
- do not lose function
scar formation
- When dead cells are replaced by viable cells of different type then the original cell
- Formation of granulation tissue, which later matures to form fibrous scar tissue
- Remember the granulation tissue is connective tissue that is highly vascularized
- lose function
what are complications of scar formation
- Contractures and obstructions (limits movement)
- Adhesions: scar tissue binds together
- Hypertrophic scar tissue: scar elevated within the boundaries of the wound
- Keloid: excessive scar formation
factors promoting healing
- youth
- good nutrition
- adequate hemoglobin
- effective circulation
- clean, undisturbed wound
- no complications
factors delaying healing
- advanced age, reduced mitosis
- poor nutrition
- anemia
- circulatory problems
- irritation, bleeding
- infection
